Yechezkel Landau

Ezekiel ben Yehuda Landau (Hebrew: יחזקאל לנדא, also Yechezkel and Ezekiel ben Judah Landau, born October 8, 1713 Opatów, Kingdom of Poland, † April 29, 1793 in Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia) was Dezisor the Halacha, ie the Jewish legal theory, Chief Rabbi of Prague and a fighter of Sabbatianism, but also the Enlightenment ( opponents of Mendelssohn's German Pentateuch ). His most famous work is the response collection Noda bi- Yehudah ( " Known in Judah ").

Landau's family is descended from the famous medieval Talmudic scholar Rashi. Ezekiel Landau attended the yeshiva, the Talmud high school, in Ludmir and Brody. In 1734, he was appointed in Brody to Dayan, ie at a rabbinic judge, and in 1745 he became rabbi in the Ukrainian Jampol. In Jampol he tried in a dispute between Jacob Emden and Jonathan Eybeschuetz which to arbitrate " The Emden - Eybeschuetz controversy ". This dispute " disturbed the life of the Jewish community for many years ." His role in this controversy was considered " tactful " and brought him attention and appreciation of the community in Prague, whose rabbi, he was appointed in 1755. In Prague, he founded a yeshiva and rabbinical author Abraham Danzig was one of his students.

Landau was highly regarded not only in his community, he was in favor of the government. Accordingly, he was able to negotiate with the government in addition to his activities as a rabbi on several occasions, when anti-Semitic measures should be initiated. Emperor Joseph II called him the " Prague Jewish Pope ", but this should not have flattering meant. Landau was the social and political effects of Josephinism after the adoption of the Patent of Toleration was very critical and condemning any changes to the traditional Jewish teaching, as propagated Hartwig Wessely and Moses Mendelssohn. He advocated the study of secular sciences and languages ​​, but declined any influence of the Enlightenment on religious matters strictly.

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