Yugoslavs

Yugoslavs ( literal translation: South Slavs ) is unclear, changing the course of history of the 20th century term to describe the population in the former Yugoslavia.

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Yugoslavia

In the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was the official line that Serbs, Croats and Slovenes form a single dreinamiges people or a people are. In the first Yugoslav census of 1921 no question was asked by nationality, but only asked for native language ( Serbo-Croatian or Slovenian ), and religious affiliation. After renaming the State in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, under the royal dictatorship in 1929, the term Yugoslavs was officially introduced for the dreinamige people. The Yugoslav census of 1931 contained a question of nationality, with only between Yugoslavia and various non- South Slav national minorities was distinguished.

FVR Yugoslavia / SFR Yugoslavia

The Communist Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was by various influences with its constitution of 1946, the concept of a unified Yugoslav people officially and finally spoke of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians and Montenegrins as the five nations of Yugoslavia. The proposal to recognize the Bosniaks as the sixth nation of Yugoslavia, however, was rejected at that time. The earlier centuries long struggle for independence, and the sought unification of all South Slavic peoples under one ethnic group got here his differences.

In the Yugoslav census of 1948, there were next to the categories for the five officially recognized peoples and national minorities and the category Muslims draw for those South Slavic Muslims who wanted to be assigned to any of the officially recognized peoples, otherwise the population - that are not separately listed other than that - entirely allocated recognized peoples and minorities. The term was not used in this Yugoslav census in explicit delineation of the politics of the pre-war Yugoslavia.

In the census of 1953, the category was undecided Muslims abolished and instead introduced a category Yugoslavs undecided. This should all " persons of Yugoslav [ South Slavic ] descent who have not opted closer national" be assigned; Persons (as defined in the category Muslims draw of 1948 ) declared themselves as Muslims or regional affiliation disclosures (ie, a region within Yugoslavia zuordneten with a term that referred to no recognized nationality), also as Yugoslavs were undecided this year counted. However, separated from the undecided Yugoslavs were other nationally undecided persons who should specify only nationally undecided. As a result of the census of 1953, there were a total of 998 698 nationally undetermined Yugoslavs, of which 891 800 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The comparison with the year 1948 suggests that in this category mostly Bosnian- Herzegovinian Muslims were counted, for which there is no separate category was 1953.

In the 1950s it came within the League of Communists of Yugoslavia ( LCY ) to controversies about the design of the Jugoslawentums. While the so-called integral Jugoslawisten to Interior Minister Aleksandar Ranković expressed the idea that there should and will emerge a single Yugoslav nation in future from the existing Yugoslav nations, this idea especially by representatives of the republics of Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia was rejected, as this objective is expression of centralism and Unitarianism evaluated. With the new program of the LCY 1958, the opponents of the integral Yugoslavianism were able to prevail. In this program, the " creation of any new" Yugoslav nation was explicitly rejected " instead of the existing nations " and instead stated, " the Yugoslav socialist consciousness, the Yugoslav socialist patriotism" based on the common interests "of the working people of all the peoples of Yugoslavia "; " the socialist being Yugoslav as a form of socialist internationalism " and the " permeated by the spirit of internationalism, democratic national consciousness " were " two sides of a single process " and "any absoluteness of the one as of the other " should be rejected, otherwise the a reactionary to the " nationalism and chauvinism, " the other for " would also lead reactionary big government hegemonism ".

In the 1961 census the one hand, a separate category Muslims in the ethnic sense, the Yugoslav category, in addition to the categories for the five official nations introduced for South Slavic Muslims, on the other hand undecided replaced by a nationally undecided category Yugoslavian. The change in naming a new definition of the category went hand in hand: As a nationally undetermined Yugoslavs should now all citizens of Yugoslavia who do not want to be closer to decide nationally to be counted, that is, not just those of South Slavic origin. In analogy to the regulation of 1953 was continued in 1961 that citizens of Yugoslavia, which had a regional affiliation indicated, were counted as national undetermined Yugoslavs. 275 883 From 317 124 counted in 1961 Yugoslavs lived in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where they found 8.42% of the population, while only 1.7% were at the level of the general government; the comparison with earlier and later censuses suggests that above all a part of the Bosnian Muslims chose this category.

In 1963, the Muslims were officially recognized in a national sense as the sixth nation of Yugoslavia on the one hand by the new Constitution of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the new constitution of the state as a whole ( with the same time the FVR Yugoslavia was renamed to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ), on the other hand, Article 41 of the Constitution of SFR Yugoslavia enshrines the right of every citizen to express his nationality free, and determined that no citizen could be required to give information about his nationality or to opt for a particular nationality. In the following Yugoslav census, there were consequently custom categories for all six nations of Yugoslavia, the recognized nationalities and ethnic groups (including the statistical residual category Other), those who declared themselves as Yugoslavs, those with no information, relying on Article 41 of the Constitution tasks, those that indicate a regional origin, nationality was not an official view, but still had to be accepted as the answer, and those whose nationality was unknown. The three categories no details, citing Article 41 ', Yugoslavs and regional origin were summarized in the official results under the common heading Respondents who have no nationality specified.

In the 1981 census, 8.2% or 379,000 people in Croatia known for Yugoslav nationality. Also well represented were the Yugoslavs in Bosnia - Herzegovina ( 7.9%), while, with less than 2% was hardly noticeable in Macedonia and Slovenia, ie the historical areas where no variety Serbo-Croatian is spoken by a majority. Higher than average tendency Yugoslav nationality was given by people who were young, city-dwellers, children in ethnically mixed marriages or members of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.

For an overview see the following table:

In the census of 1991, there were in the following communities a minimum of 15 % share of Yugoslavs in the population: Dimitrovgrad 22.4 %, Tivat 20.6 %, Herceg Novi 19.1 %, Kotor 18.5 %, Tuzla 16.6 %, Sombor 15.5 %, Subotica 15.0 %. Other municipalities with at least 100,000 inhabitants and a minimum 10 % share of Yugoslavs were Novi Sad, 12.2 %, 12.0 % Banja Luka, Zenica 10.8 %, 10.7 % Sarajevo, Mostar 10.0 % ..

In Macedonia the early 1990s there was the Stranka na Republika Makedonija vo Jugosloveni ( SJRM, Party of Yugoslavs in the Republic of Macedonia), which saw itself as the representative of the Yugoslavs.