Zielona Góra
Zielona Góra [ ʑɛlɔna ɡura ] Zielona Góra / i ( German: Grünberg in Silesia)? 's A big city and one of two capitals of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. The town lies about 90 kilometers northeast of Cottbus, about 150 kilometers north-west of Wrocław, about 110 kilometers southwest of Poznan, near the Oder. Zielona Góra is county-level and university city, as well as Catholic bishop 's seat. In addition, Zielona Góra Gorzów Wielkopolski is next ( Landsberg on the Warta River ) administrative center of the Lubusz Voivodeship, because here the Woiwodschaftsmarschall, the representative head of the province, as well as many other administrative and Woiwodschaftsämter have their headquarters
Geography
The city is located in a hilly area - the Wał Zielonogórski. Therefore, there is on the one hand places that lie just 70 m above sea level, but on the other hand, surveys on the southwestern edge of the city, which are high to 210.8 m. In the city It has large forest areas, there are parks and other green spaces.
History
The town of Grünberg was first documented in 1302, at that time they already had city status and precincts law. After a chronicle of the origins of the city are situated in a dairy farm built in 1222, was born to a settlement. To 1272, a castle was built northwest of Green Mountain. The wooden plant was inhabited from 1358 to 1361 / 65 through Duke Johann von Steinau after he had left his duchy Henry V of Sagan. With the occupation of the duchy of Glogau Hans Sagan tore down the system so that they could not drop the troops of Matthias Corvinus in his hands. In the 17th century. there were 800 clothier in Grünberg. 1627 burned down the city.
Grünberg i Schleswig. Formerly the administrative center of the homonymous district in the district Liegnitz in the Prussian province of Silesia ( Lower Silesia). From 1 April 1922, the city formed a separate urban district. The circle of freedom but was canceled on October 1, 1933 so the city at the end of the Second World War again part of the district Grünberg i Schleswig. had.
From 1941, the time of National Socialism, the German Empire built the two outer bearing Grünberg and Grunberg I. II concentration camp Gross-Rosen.
In connection with the conquest by the Red Army in February 1945, about 500 German took their own lives. The native German population fled or was expelled or forcibly resettled later and replaced by new residents from other parts of Poland. Green Mountain was officially renamed after the establishment of a Polish administration in March 1945 in Zielona Góra, which translated means green mountain.
Attractions
The Catholic parish church of St. Hedwig ( Konkatedra Sw. Jadwigi ) is the oldest building in the city and was completed in 1294. Become Protestant With the Reformation, it is since 1651 again a Catholic church and now co-cathedral of the Diocese of Zielona Góra - Gorzów.
The Catholic Church of the Holy Mother of God of Czestochowa ( Kościół Matki Boskiej Częstochowskiej ) was built from 1746 to 1748 as an evangelical Bethauskirche half-timbered building. In the 19th century the stone, Schinkel front tower was added. Since 1945 she is a Catholic parish church, and there is a copy of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa in the main altar.
The former Evangelical Church of the Redeemer ( Kościół Najświętszego Zbawiciela ) was built from 1915 to 1917.
Today's Evangelical Church of Augsburg was by design by the architect Emil peace (* 1857 Einbeck ) built 1909-1911 in neo-Baroque style with drawn tower for the congregation of the Old Lutherans, serving after temporary use of Catholic 1945-1950 the Polish Protestant community.
The town hall with a high tower dates from the 15th century, was rebuilt in the 18th and 19th century in baroque and classical forms.
Park Winny / Palmiarnia ( Weingarten / Palm House ): The Palm House is located on a hill, was built in 1961 from the Winzerhäuschen and has since become one of the landmarks of the city.
The 35 m high bathing, or dungeon ( Wieża głodowa ) is a relic of the former city walls and was part of the third, a new city gate, which was built in 1487.
Economy and Transport
Major companies headquartered in Zielona Góra Falubaz SA, Lumel SA, Nordis, Novita, Zastal SA and Elektrociepłownia Zielona Góra SA. In the city there are numerous supermarkets, discount stores, hardware stores, gas stations, car dealerships and bank branches. The unemployment rate is about 7.9 % (June 2013), making it the lowest in the whole region.
Through the urban area, the country's streets run 3 ( droga Krajowa 3), at the same time Europe 65, 27 and 32 In 2006, the bypass road was completely finished. The city has a railway station with connections to all major Polish cities. Public transport is operated the bus network of MZK Zielona Góra with 37 bus lines. 38 km from Zielona Góra is an international airport located in the small town Babimost. More are in Poznan ( 125 km ), Wroclaw ( 155 km ) and Berlin (170 km).
Viniculture
At Green Mountain is located approximately 200 ha is one of the largest contiguous vineyard regions of Poland ( it is yet another in Warka, near Warsaw ). Are grown here and in the surrounding area, especially white wines. The first vineyards originated around the year 1314. 50km from Grünberg removed in Paradise Monastery ( Klasztor Paradyż ), monks have built the first vineyards in the year 1250. At the best of times there were more than 4,000 in the area, and even in Grünberg 2500. The grapes were also used for sparkling wine production in 1826 founded Germany's oldest sparkling wine here. A well-known white wine from this region is Monte Verde (Green Mountain ).
At the time of socialism Viticulture almost came to a complete standstill. Since 1990 it is operated again reinforced. It is now considered the northernmost of the enclosed wine region in the world. For the medium term, a major extension of the Polish vineyards is provided.
Mining
Since 1840 Brown coal was mined in civil engineering at Green Mountain, so that it is the oldest lignite mining in Silesia. Initially consisting of over 30 individual mines, the mines 1860-1920 combined gradually to the Consolidierten Griinberger pits. From 1930 to promote themselves designed increasingly difficult and costly because of the complicated reservoir conditions. In 1944, the mining was discontinued.
Religion
In Zielona Góra there are 14 churches. Of these, 11 Catholic and one Protestant, Baptist and Orthodox. Zielona Góra is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Zielona Góra - Gorzów - but the cathedral is in Gorzów Wielkopolski. The most important Catholic church of Zielona Góra is the Co-Cathedral of St. Hedwig (Polish Konkatedra Św. Jadwigi ).
Sports
In Zielona Góra Zielona Góra ZKZ the Speedway Club is home from the Polish Playoff Final. The sports club, the last occurring under the name " Stelmet Falubaz Zielona Góra " is current Polish Champion. Stelmet Zielona Góra (previously Zastal Zielona Góra ) is a basketball club, which occurs in the first Polish league and ULEB Eurocup in. Furthermore, there is in Zielona Góra is a football club, the Lechia who currently plays in the 3rd Polish League.
Twinning
Zielona Góra maintains partnerships with the following cities:
- Bistrita (Romania )
- Cottbus ( Germany )
- Helmond (Netherlands )
- Ivano- Frankivsk (Ukraine )
- L' Aquila (Italy ),
- Nitra (Slovakia )
- Soltau ( Germany )
- Troyes (France),
- Verden ( Germany )
- Vitebsk ( Belarus )
Sons and daughters of the town
- Pitiscus Bartholomew (1561-1613), German mathematician and theologian
- Abraham Scultetus (1566-1625), German theologian
- Rudolf Haym (1821-1901), philosopher and journalist
- Arthur Levy son (1841-1908) German journalist
- Otto Julius Bierbaum (1865-1910), German writer
- Karl Wilczynski (1884-1959), German journalist
- Franz Mattenklott (1884-1954), German general of infantry
- Erich Bederke (1895-1978), German geologist
- Siegfried Pitschmann (1930-2002), German writer
- Heinz Behrens ( * 1932), German actor
- Friedrich Wilhelm Haack (1935-1991), German theologian
- Armin Baumert (* 1943), German track and field athlete and sports official
- Franz Wilhelm, Prince of Prussia ( b. 1943 ), businessman and great-grandson of the last German Kaiser Wilhelm II
- Christian Mischke (* 1944), German artist
- Maryla Rodowicz ( b. 1945 ), Polish singer
- Jürgen Colombo ( * 1949 ), German cyclist
- Olga Tokarczuk (born 1962 ), Polish writer
- Mirosław Piotrowski (born 1966 ), Polish politician
- Artur Zasada (born 1969 ), Polish politician
- Maciej Mroczek (born 1973 ), Polish politician
Rural community
The city of Zielona Góra is the administrative center of the rural community of Zielona Góra, you do not belong to but as an independent municipality. The rural municipality encompasses the district-free city Zielona Góra and belongs to the powiat Zielonogórski to. It counts on an area of 220.45 square kilometers 16,369 inhabitants (December 31, 2006) and is divided into the following 17 districts:
- Barcikowice (Great Chicken )
- Drzonków ( Drentkau )
- Jany ( Zielona Góra ) ( Janny )
- Jarogniewice ( Hartmann village)
- Jeleniów ( Zielona Góra ) ( Droseheydau )
- Kiełpin ( Külpenau )
- Krępa ( Zielona Góra ) ( Krampe )
- Łężyca ( Lansitz )
- Ługowo ( Wilhelminenthal )
- Nowy Kisielin ( German tank )
- Ochla ( Ochelhermsdorf )
- Przylep ( shear village)
- Racula ( Lawaldau )
- Stary Kisielin (Polish boiler; 1937-1945: Altkessel )
- Sucha ( Zielona Góra ) ( Zauche )
- Zatonie ( Gunthersdorf )
- Zawada ( Zielona Góra ) ( Sawade; 1936-1945: calibration Waldau )