Zill

Cymbal, from Greek kymbalon on Latin cymbalum, and from the same strain derived word formations, several musical instruments or parts thereof indicate:

Pool

The importance of cymbal as an immediately harvested Idiophone is also found in the English word cymbal, in French and in Italian cymbale cinelli. The latter corresponds to the German word cymbals. The formerly used also in the German spelling cymbal is outdated.

History

The origin of the cymbals is related to the production of bronze and is believed in China, India or the Middle East. In the Old Testament are mentioned several times the musical instruments of the Israelite temple cult in Psalms, which kinnor addition to the two lyres and nevel drums ( tuppim ), trumpets ( chasosrah ), horns ( shofar ), Schüttelidiophone clay ( menaaneim ), rattle (?) ( asey broschim ) and cymbals ( selslim or meziltajim ) belonged. In ancient Greece were the kymbala metal basins, which have occasionally been used in the rituals for the goddess Artemis, Athena, and Persephone. The cymbalum (also tintinnabulum ) in Latin texts not designated basins, but hand bells that were originally only used in competitions as signal instruments.

Classification

Basins are defined according to the Hornbostel -Sachs classification as " bent- tube rattle" and form a subgroup of CounterPunch Idiophone, ie two self- sounding parts that are struck together. With " scalloped " flat curved panels are meant, which are distinguished from the cup-shaped bodies, that the " hollowed-out vessel rattling". Clearly the first group the pair pool can be counted, which are used in many cultures in the light music and ritual music. Handzimbeln hot these instruments because they are beaten with both hands. A special form represent the crotales (also antique cymbals ), which consist of a set of tuned circular flat bronze or brass plates. The second group of CounterPunch Idiophone include smaller hollow forms like the mostly wooden, indispensable in the Spanish dance music or the iron castanets, played in the Maghreb qaraqib ( Sg qarqaba ).

According to the Hornbostel -Sachs system only the pairs played disks are pooled together regardless of its material, the term pool. Outside this classification is today understood basin Serve Idiophone, more precisely, the non -sounding tools such as hammers, broom or hands beaten, independently suspended metal plates, as well as the attached in pairs on a stand and with a pedal -operated hi-hat at the drums. The word cymbal has experienced a narrowing in the Germans towards the English cymbal by predominantly as shorthand for Handzimbel ( pair of cymbals) or is used for very small pools, which are attached to two fingers beaten with one hand and made ​​of metal.

Handzimbeln

The played with both hands cymbals have a hump in the middle with a small hole or eyelet, a cord or a leather strap is pulled through the on which they are held. In the article pair basin they are treated in detail.

Tingshas are small, associated with Tibetan cymbals from the esoteric field, which are connected by a leather strap and are struck with both hands on the edges. In Tibetan music just the small, shallow pool humped sil be played sngan ( sil - snyan ). You will look like practically all Handzimbeln held vertically.

Ceng - ceng are small bronze cymbals that are played in Gamelan of Java, Bali and in the music of Lombok. Ching hot Messingzimbeln that keep the clock in Thailand. In Mor Lam in Northeast Thailand ( Isan ) and in Laos they accompany in this function khaen the mouth organ.

In India, no major basins are needed. In popular devotional songs ( bhajans ), to the accompaniment of folk dances and the songs of beggars give small areas linked with a string cymbals set the pace for the singer. The names of Indian cymbals vary regionally: Smaller hot manjira, Jalra, jhallari, kartal, elattalam or kulittalam, larger cymbals jhanj, jhallari, brhattalam or brahmatalam. Cupped cymbals up to five centimeters in diameter, the valley, taal, tali or talam hot, betrayed by the name of their use: Tala or talam refers to the rhythmic structure of Indian music.

Finger cymbals

In these small cymbals, it does not matter whether they are hollowed out or bent. After the game, they are also more accurate than finger cymbals (English finger cymbals ) and are distinguished from the non-metallic rattling due to their material. While Handzimbeln can be supported only in the procession music, are the playable even in fast moving small finger cymbals and rattle in many oriental dances in use. Finger cymbals are usually played four parts on the thumb and middle finger of both hands at the same time.

From the Maghreb to the Orient, there are numerous women's group dances that are performed for entertainment at weddings and other festive occasions. Woman dances play a major role in people's Islamic ceremonies. In Morocco and Tunisia, the dancers create at the Derdeba or Stambali Dance ceremonies the rhythm with qaraqib, further east, these are replaced by iron clang cymbals, are called zil in Turkey, the sagat in Egypt ( sāǧāt ) and. In the Ottoman period rattled çengi called dancers with castanets ( çarpara ), they were dancing with finger cymbals, which women were called kâsebaz.

A special class of singers and dancers who were ġawāzī ( Sg ġāziya ) called and partly their profession with prostitution combined, occurred in the 19th century in Egyptian cities at family gatherings and entertainment of men in homes, also at fairs at the pilgrimage along with fortune-tellers and jugglers. In contemporary illustrations are with Sagat in the hands and wearing revealing to see. European travelers reported outraged at the immorality. 1834 forbade the Egyptian government, the public street performances of these socially despised, but often economically successful women. In contrast to the undisguised ġawāzī the ʿ Awalim ( Sg ʿ Alima ) were considered to be demure and educated singers. You was also allows access to the mansions where they behind a bulkhead, the guests chatted to high wages. Dancers in Egyptian cities are now referred to indiscriminately as ʿ alma. Male dancers and Sagat players who participate in Egypt at Zar cults, called Abū ʾ l -get. Here, a mostly women intended to be appeased obsessed giving spirit. Every spirit is addressed with his characteristic music. In addition to men with Sagat and the longitudinal flute nay, women play the frame drum and riq mazhar and the goblet drum darbuka.

For entertainment dance finger cymbals used in Korean culture from slightly bent brass or bronze hot tongbal. Larger Handzimbeln ( Chabara ) get there at Buddhist ceremonies used.

String Instruments

The European medieval dulcimer has the shape of a box zither, which was developed in the Middle East and in the Persian music known as santur. An enlarged development in Hungary is the cimbalom ( Cymbalom ) dar. The name of the imported into the Renaissance harpsichord music has the same origin.

In the early Arabic literature any type of pool as ṣandsch ( sandj, Pl ṣunūdsch ) is called. The sources say the word originated from the Persian and the instrument was known since pre-Islamic times. Ṣandsch, from Persian Cang ( chang, bell, rattle ) meant not only pool, but also harps. Importance to the environment of Cuba included both Arabic tabl drum, and the stringed instruments al - ʿ ūd and Barbat. In another case, an Arabic term refers to both wind instruments and string instruments. On the consonant root zmr go both reed instrument mizmar, as well as a stringed instrument called ZAMR (Pl. zumūr ) back. In Arabic music, the names of the instruments are determined less on the kind of tone, but according to their musical function. This makes for the Arab region, the similarity in names of different kinds of instruments explainable.

Organ

An organ stop with a sharp Mixturstimme is called cymbal. The Zimbelstern is a mechanical musical movement in older organs. It consists of a in a circle rotating bells ring, from which he received his name.

Church bells

Very small or tonhohe church bells are also called cymbals. The disposition of several Zimbelglocken is called Zimbelgeläut. Most of these bells are cast in extremely heavy ribs ( wall thickness ), especially when they complement one tontieferen ringing sound set as crown. The thus achieving dynamic balance between the big bells and Zimbelglocken called ribs progression.