1-Chlorobutane
- Butyl chloride
- 1 -butyl chloride
- N-butyl
Volatile, colorless liquid with a smell chloroformartigem
Liquid
0.89 g · cm -3
-123.1 ° C
78 ° C
108 hPa ( 20 ° C)
Very poor in water ( 0.5 g · l-1 at 20 ° C)
1.4018 (20 ° C)
Risk
2670 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
1-chlorobutane is a chemical compound from the groups of the saturated aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons and the organic chlorine compounds.
Synthesis
A technical synthesis is carried out by thermal chlorination of butane over alumina at 200 ° C. This gives rise to the same extent 2- chlorobutane and in small proportions Dichlorbutane. This synthesis is also possible photochemically at 15-20 ° C, the product distribution is similar. A further possibility is the reaction of 1 -butanol with hydrogen chloride at 100 ° C.
Properties
1-chlorobutane is a colorless and volatile liquid with a typical halogenated hydrocarbons smell. Under normal pressure, the compound boils at 78 ° C. At -123.1 ° C, the substance solidifies to a colorless solid. 1-chlorobutane forms with water and alcohols azeotropically boiling mixtures. With a water content of 6.6 % by mass of an azeotrope is 68.1 ° C. The azeotropes for alcohols are methanol with 28.5 % and 57.2 Ma ° C for ethanol with 21.5 % by mass of 66.2 ° C. and for 1- propanol containing 16.0 % by mass of 75.6 ° C.
Thermodynamic properties
The vapor pressure function is given by Antoine corresponding log10 (P) = A- ( B / ( T C )) ( P in bar, T in K) with A = 3.99588, B = 1182.903 and C = -54.885 in temperature range from 256.4 to 351.6 K.
Safety characteristics
1-chlorobutane regarded as flammable liquid. Above the flash point is flammable vapor-air mixtures may be formed. The compound has a flash point of -12 ° C. The explosion range is between 1.8 vol% (65 g/m3) as the lower explosive limit ( LEL) and 10.1 % by volume (390 g/m3 ) and upper explosive limit (UEL ). The maximum explosion pressure is 9.6 bar. With a minimum of 1.24 mJ vapor - air mixtures are extremely flammable. The ignition temperature is 245 ° C. The fabric falls within the temperature class T3.
Use
1-chloro butane is used as the alkylating agent for introducing a butyl group in organic synthesis (for example, ionic liquids). By reaction with metallic lithium yields the very frequently used for organometallic syntheses butyllithium.
The compound has very good solubility for fats, oils and waxes and is also used in HPLC. In veterinary medicine, 1-chlorobutane is used as a remedy for lower worms.