1-Pentanol

  • N-pentanol
  • Amyl alcohol
  • Butylcarbinol
  • Pentyl alcohol

Colorless liquid

Liquid

0.81 g · cm -3

-78 ° C

138 ° C

1.3 hPa ( 20 ° C)

Poorly in water ( 22 g · l-1 at 20 ° C)

1.4101 (20 ° C)

Attention

  • 4590 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
  • 2300 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, Rabbit, transdermal)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

1-pentanol (obsolete: amyl alcohol ) is an organic chemical compound and belongs to the alcohols. 1-pentanol is part of the fusel oils.

Production and representation

Previously, the Amylakohole were obtained by distillation of fusel oils. Currently they are synthesized by hydrolysis of Halogenpentanen:

Properties

1 -Pentanol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor, which dissolves only slightly in water. 1-pentanol dissolved lithium chloride, which is for the qualitative detection of lithium important.

Thermodynamic properties

The vapor pressure function is given by Antoine corresponding log10 (P) = A- ( B / ( T C )) ( P in bar, T in K) with A = 4.68277, B = 1492.549 and C = -91 621 in the temperature range 307-411 K.

The temperature dependence of the enthalpy of vaporization can be determined according to equation ΔVH0 = A · e ( - αTr ) (1- Tr) β ( ΔVH0 in kJ / mol, Tr = (T / Tc) reduced temperature ) with A = 67.55 kJ / mol, α = -0.8195, β = 0.8272 and Tc = 588.2 K describe in the temperature range 298-421 K.

Safety characteristics

1-pentanol is considered flammable liquid. Above the flash point is flammable vapor-air mixtures may be formed. The compound has a flash point of 43 ° C. The explosion range is between 1.3 vol% (47 g/m3) as the lower explosive limit ( LEL) and 10.5 % by volume (385 g/m3 ) and upper explosive limit (UEL ). The maximum explosion pressure is 8.4 bar. The ignition temperature is 320 ° C. The fabric falls within the temperature class T2.

Use

1-pentanol is used as solvent and the preparation of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, color and flavors. He is still included in disinfectants.

Toxicity

All pentanol have a much higher toxicity than most lower alcohols such as ethanol. Oral dosages of 1- pentanol, from about 0.5 g per kg of body weight (~ 30 ml ) are considered to be lethal for man. In addition to oral ingestion and injury on the respiratory system and irritation of the eyes and skin is possible. In animal experiments, 1-pentanol produced in rats and mice renal dysfunction, respiratory ailments to pulmonary edema and depressive behavior to drowsiness.

CAS registry number PubChem Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC) Antoine equation Entropy of fusion Flammability limit CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
9545
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