110 film

Pocket - cassette film (type 110 ), short film Pocket, was a photographic film, which was introduced in 1972 by Kodak and used in pocket cameras.

Prehistory

In 1963 Kodak Instamatic with the system before a film cassette that could be easily insert and thereby also addressed technically inept users. The same concept you took over nine years later for the 16 mm film, even here there was still a greater need, because this film was to get so far rolled only open reel.

Even before the Second World War had developed a tiny Minox cassette format for 8x11 cameras.

Cassette

The Pocket cassette corresponds to their concept exactly the big Instamatic cartridge, Kodak has the term " Instamatic " used in connection with the pocket cameras. As the film transport takes place via a toothed wheel engaging the camera, there is a counter window and can be obtained by a Plexiglas wall of the camera to recognize also the inserted film type. Also there is only one perforation of one hole per image, which serves as a simple transport control. A camera-side pressure plate does not exist, but the flatness hardly prepared for such a small size problems, especially as the associated lenses have a small focal length and thus a large depth of field.

Image format

The negative size is about 13 mm × 17 mm ( but was not used by all camera manufacturers ), resulting in an area of ​​220 mm ², about a quarter of that of 35mm movie film. This can be easily magnifications of 13 cm × 18 cm make, so it is perfectly adequate for normal purposes. The Minox subminiature film is even smaller with 40 percent of the area of the Pocket film.

Film speed

In contrast to the large Instamatic is the film speed of the Pocket Films coded, but only in two stages: the cartridge has on the side of a strip which is cut at high speed films about 7 mm, at low to medium speed films only about 2.5 mm. Higher-quality pocket cameras, such as the Rollei A 110, so can adjust the exposure automatically to the film speed, all others can not expose highly sensitive film correctly. Low to medium sensitivity here means 64-200 ASA, highly sensitive 320 to 400 ASA, with the exact value used by the camera depends on its adjustment at the factory.

The problem was also that Kodak used a cassette for its 400 ASA film, which was coded for low to normal sensitive film (keyword: film- speed setting ). This resulted in a more specific aperture and shutter speed to overexposure of the film. However, by removing some stuff at the strip the cartridge could be relatively easily modified so that it was recognized as a highly sensitive Pocket film.

The 200 ASA film Ferrania was also coded as a low to normal sensitive film and was therefore in some cameras a little overexposed. But negative films have good exposure latitude, so this is hardly noticed. Remedy about the manipulation of the movie encoding is not possible here.

Dissemination

The Pocket - movie was also available as a slide and black and white film up to the 90s, but these special places hardly anyone bought. As a color negative film, however, he was wherever you could buy movies, of course, kept ready. In the fall of 2007, he was difficult to obtain and will only be available as a color negative film. Manufacturers were Ferrania in Italy ( 200 ASA film ), Fuji in Japan (200 ASA ) film and Kodak in the USA ( 400 ASA film ). In 2008-2009, these three companies presented a production of the 110 movies. In autumn 2011, Adox considered ( Germany ) to produce new 110s movies. In May 2012, the Lomographic Society International the 110 film (110 B & W film Lomography Orca ) raised provisionally as black and white film back to life. However, this has no protection according to Lomography paper, which means that each shot photo must be counted, because the wheel does not stop in the film cassette when the film is over. In addition, there may be so-called light leaks in the last four frames. In July 2012, was presented with the Lomography Color Tiger 110, a color film.

Fun in use cameras

Better cameras with Pocket film were as small and light, " Always with you " thought for a long time for handbags, but also as a holiday and cameras. Together with a pad and pencil and new film, summarized in a compact package, they were also temporarily sold for entrainment in a car accident as a camera.

Because of its small size, they found the Pocket film quite common in cameras with irrelevant - humorous exterior, such as promotional gifts. The then rather simple cameras here were installed in a housing in any football, beverage cans and toy form.

From the Lomographic the "Smiley Cam" was marketed. Based on the principle of the camera obscura was the Pocket film, an adhesive strip glued with a hole as a fixed lens.

Minimal cameras from other manufacturers included little more than a lens that was clamped to a standard Pocket film. A simple closure, a way to film transport and a rear sight - grain Frame Aufklappvisier supplemented the plastic camera that is smaller than the film cartridge.