4-8-2

As Mountain steam locomotives are designated by the wheel arrangement 2'D1 ', ie with a leading bogie, four driving axles and a trailing axle.

History

Where it is not so much arrived at high speeds, this design originated with early zugkräftigere an alternative to the six-coupled Pacific. The first built from the outset as 2'D1 locomotive of this type originated in 1908 in New Zealand (Class X); two years earlier, already six 2'd machines were in South Africa has subsequently been provided to improve the running characteristics with a trailing axle (see NGR Hendrie B).

Mountain locomotives were first used in hilly terrain. Only in countries where already not very high speeds were run, such as in South Africa and other African countries with narrow gauge networks, the Mountain but could be a substitute for the Pacific; otherwise the Mountains outside of Europe remained mostly freight locomotives. European Mountains as the rows 241 A and 5-241 A, the SNCF, a copy of which after the Second World War had remained as DR 08 1001 at the Deutsche Reichsbahn of the GDR, as well as the series 486.0 of ČSD, however, were often used for heavy express trains, would have been usually on routes where aufgrung the routing, or the draw weight a Pacific overwhelmed.

In Europe Mountains were compared with America or Africa rather rare. The 08 Series was the only locomotive of its kind ever used in Germany, and neither in the UK nor in Switzerland or Austria, there has been such locomotives. Spread this design was out in France, particularly in Spain and Czechoslovakia. Smaller series have been used with the PKP series Pu29 in Poland and BDŽ - class 03 in Bulgaria.

In Africa, however Mountains were widespread; especially in South Africa they were the numerous design by far. From the Class 15F more copies were built with 255 pieces than from any other African locomotive, and 136 units of Class 23 were among 1,600 mm coupled wheel and 222 t total weight of the largest steifrahmigen narrow gauge locomotives ever.

In Garratt locomotives the wheel arrangement ( 2'D1 ') was ( 1'D2 ') widespread. Because this is, in principle, are two mountain locomotives, which are fed from a common boiler, these locomotives are also known as Double Mountain.