Abd al-Mu'min
Abd al- Mu'min ( عبد المؤمن, DMG ʿ Abdu 'l- Mu ʾ min; * 1094, † 1163 ) was the first Caliph of the Almohad ( 1130-1163 ).
Abd al- Mu'min ibn Ali ibn al - Makluf ibn Dschala Chumi came from a Zanatastamm from the region of Tlemcen. In 1117 he joined in Bidschaya Ibn Tumart who spread his theology under the Masmudastämmen the High Atlas. As Mahdi, he formed after 1121 the federal government of the Almohads in the fight against the Almoravids.
Even at the lifetime of Ibn Tumart important military leader of the Almohads, Abd al - Mu'min was appointed by this before his death, his successor. Nevertheless, the death of Ibn Tumart was three years kept secret so that Abd al- Mu'min was able to consolidate his rule. This opposition came mainly from the members of the Ibn Tumart, which refused to recognize the rule of a tribal stranger who was Abd al- Mu'min as Zanata - Berber. With the help of Abu Hafs Umar Abd al - Mu'min was able to prevail and should also Sanhadschastämme in the movement of the Almohads.
After securing the leadership of Abd al - Mu'min began in 1140 with the subjugation of northern Morocco. After the Almoravid leader of mercenaries Reverter was like 1144, the Almoravids lost their most important military post, since a large part of the troops defected to the Almohads. 1145 suffered the Almoravids under Tashfin ibn Ali at Oran a heavy defeat. With the conquest of Fez ( 1146 ) the whole of northern Morocco was subjected. In 1147, stormed the Almohad Marrakesh and overthrew the Almoravids. When it came to uprisings against the Almohads in the subsequent period, these were bloodily suppressed. At the same time the movement of the Almohad rebels and alleged opposition was cleaned. 30,000 rebels were allegedly executed.
1149 destroyed Abd al- Mu'min the Bargawata and founded in Rabat a large army camp. In the following years he conquered the Hammadidenreich ( 1151 ) and defeated the combined Bedouins of Banu Hilal at Bourgie. They were resettled partly to Morocco and thus formed the nucleus for a broad Arabization of the country. After the organization of the conquests in Algeria was conquered in 1159 and 1160 with 200,000 troops the Ziridenreich in Ifriqiya and defeated the Bedouin again. Also Tripolitania fell under Almohad rule, whereby the Maghreb was first united. Through trade agreements with Genoa, Pisa, Venice, Sicily and Marseille trade with the European trading centers was organized in the Mediterranean.
Already in 1146 began the Almohad Abd al - Mu'min with the subjugation of Andalusia, but was delayed by the resistance of Ibn Mardanisch and I. only under his successor, Abu Yaqub Yusuf ( 1163-1184 ) was completed. Abd al- Mu'min took another 1161 to Andalusia before he died in Rabat in 1163 and was buried in Tinmal next to Ibn Tumart.
Under Abd al - Mu'min began an extensive construction activity throughout the empire, most notably the establishment of Kutubiyya mosque in Marrakech and the mosque in Tinmal (1153-1154) is noteworthy.
His eldest son and successor of Muhammad but was discontinued after a short reign in 1163, before Abu Yaqub Yusuf I ( 1163-1184 ) could consolidate the empire of the Almohads on.