Abessive case

The abessive is a case in Finno-Ugric languages ​​and Turkic languages ​​, which indicates the absence. The name of the case derives from the Latin word abesse " be absent ".

In German, the importance of this case corresponds to the accusative with the preposition without.

Alternative technical terms are Karitiv ( Carere from the Latin " abstain " ) or privative (from the Latin Privare " rob "). From Karitiv one speaks particularly in Caucasian languages.

Other languages ​​of the world make up such forms, partly as a case, partly as Adjektivsuffixe.

Finnish

In Finnish, he has the endings- or - tta Ttae. For example Talotta " without home " syyttä " no reason". The ending depends on the vowel harmony. For words with stage change the suffix is appended to the "weak" level. In today's Finnish the abessive is used relatively infrequently and usually by the preposition ilman replaced with the partitive or expressed as a noun (eg rahaton " person without money "; koditon " person without a home ", " homeless ").

Estonian

In Estonian the abessive has the endings - ta or, in the plural or teta - deta. For example, Rahata " no money ".

Mordvin

In Mordovian the abessive has the endings - втомо ( Ersja ) or - фтома ( Moksha ).

Hungarian

In Hungarian, there is no ending that would express the abessive. The ending- or - etlen atlan formed the noun into an adjective to and means something like " go". The abessive is expressed nélkül by post position.

In Turkish, the abessive after the vowel harmony is expressed -siz/-sız/-suz/-süz each case by means of the endings. This is a derivational for adjectives.

Swell

  • Helmut Glück ( ed.): Metzler Lexikon Sprache. JB Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 1993, ISBN 3-476-00937-8, p 1
  • Irja Grönholm: Estonian word for word ( = gibberish Vol 55. ). 3rd edition. Reise-Know -How Verlag Rump, Bielefeld 2002, ISBN 3-89416-245-7, page 51
  • Hillevi Low: Finnish. Word for word ( = gibberish. Vol. 15). 7th edition. Reise-Know -How Verlag Rump, Bielefeld 2002, ISBN 3-89416-014-4, pp. 32, 41
  • Richard Semrau: Langenscheidts Practical textbook Finnish. 6th edition. Langenscheidt, Berlin and others 1995, ISBN 3-468-26140-3, p 162
  • Grammatical case
Consonant gradation Hungarian language
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