Abies koreana

Korean Fir (Abies koreana )

The Korean Fir (Abies koreana ) is a plant of the genus fir (Abies ) in the pine family ( Pinaceae ).

6.1 Single References

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Korean Fir grows as an evergreen tree. It forms a mostly broadly conical crown with floors in horizontal spreading branches. It reaches heights of growth to about 10 meters, sometimes up to 18 meters. The Korean Fir is slow growing with annual shoots of about 10 to 15 centimeters.

The bark of the trunk is shiny dunkelolivbraun mottled to black and with lenticels. The bark of the branches is pale brown to gray- toned pink and slightly hairy. The egg-shaped buds are initially pale brown, later resinous and white.

The needle leaves are about 1 cm ( sometimes up to 2.5 cm) long and 2 mm wide. You are at the end blunt, rarely somewhat pointed. You are almost around the branch and are densely arranged like a brush. Most needles are available from vertical, some are folded back on the upper side and curved on the underside of some forward. The needles are glossy dark green; on the bottom, they have two broad white bands and therefore appear bright white.

Generative features

Fir trees are monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ), there are male and female cones on a plant. The male cones sit heaped distributed between the needle leaves of side shoots over the entire tree crown; they are 4 to 5 millimeters long and globose; when they open they are about 1 inch long and bright yellow.

The female cones set on the upper side of the branches; they are 2-5 inches long and slender. The young female cones are initially yellowish green, pale pink or pale purple with recurved bracts. The cones are always upright on the branch (as opposed to the hanging and falling as a whole spruce cones). The axis (spindle ) of the pin remains on the tree, while the scales fall off one by one. The mature cones are 5-7 inches long and 2-3 inches wide. They are dark blue with projecting, strongly recurved bracts, which form a striking contrast to the dark blue color of the pin with their yellow to brown color. The fully mature cones are stained dark purple to brown and are often very resinous. The peg formation is in contrast to most other pine species already in plants under 1 meter height growth in number one. The seeds are purple with reddish tinted wings.

Occurrence

The Korean Fir (formerly called Quelpaert ) in Korea, including the south barrier island Jeju -do home. It occurs at altitudes ago to about 1000 m. In Central Europe it is often planted as a popular ornamental tree because of their attractive foliage and the early onset rich cone production in gardens.

Site requirements: Sun to light shade; cool - moist; fresh to moist; acidic to slightly alkaline; nutrient-rich, sandy-loamy or loamy substrates; protected from the wind. The Korean Fir is hardy, but by late frost.

Systematics and History

The Korean Fir has been introduced to the UK in 1913. The first description by the Anglo- North American botanist and plant hunter Ernest Henry Wilson in 1920 was published in the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum.

Within the genus of fir (Abies ) is Abies koreana placed in the section Balsamea whose representatives are native to North America and Asia. In this section Balsamea turn the Korean Fir is placed in the sub-section Medianae.

Selection forms

We possess a wide range of selection forms. Selection objectives are mainly dwarfism and eye-catching needle coloring; The latter is in many forms achieved by growing twisted needles, thereby showing its shiny silvery white undersides. In some forms and colors of the pins have been bred.

'Aurea ': slow-growing form with golden needles similar to ' LUMINETTA '. Often the main trunk is absent; the growth is therefore often shrub-like, sometimes tree-like.
' Barabits Spreading ': Very slow-growing, about 5 cm per year. Broad to hemispherical growth.
'Black Prince ': Very dark green foliage; slow-growing, compact, conical habit.
' Blue Zwo ', ' Blue Zwo ': Upright, conical growing dwarf form; Increase 2 to 5 cm per year. Gray-blue needles.
' Eskimo Blue ', ' Blue Eskimo ': dwarf form that grows close to the ground crawling. Very slow-growing.
' Blue Whistle ': Small tree with broad conical habit.
' Blinsham Gold': Flat increasing in width; older plants more conical growing. Needle leaves golden.
' Blue and Silver'
' Blue Emperor ': compact growth habit; slow-growing. The needles are bright blue.
'Blue Magic': Pyramidal Growth; Needles bright silvery blue.
'Blue Standard': With dark purple cones
'Blue Star': intense blue foliage.
' Bonsai Blue': Dwarf form with blue needles
' Brevifolia ': needles shorter than in the type, cones smaller than in the original form.
' Cis ': Spherical dwarf form; 1 to 2 cm of annual growth.
' Compact Dwarf' (also ' Compacta', nana hort. ): Compact growing dwarf form. 5-8 cm growth annually. Needles shorter than in the type. Does not form cones.
' Crystal Globe ': dwarf form.
'Dark Hill ': dwarf, which is about 50 cm high.
' Doni Tajuso ': dwarf
' Flava ': Female cones are yellow-brown when ripe.
' Flying Saucer ': Green, clear silvery shimmering needles. Crawling growth, tortuous branches
'Frosty '
' Gait ': dwarf form. Growth initially spherical, later slender upright; annual increase of about 5 cm. Dark green needles.
' Yellow Multi ': Compact dwarf form with dark green, yellow mottled needles
' Glauca ': form with intense blue needles
'Golden Glow': Compact dwarf form with yellow- orange needles
' Golden Dream ' ( 'Golden Dream' ): Compact strauchwüchsige form. Needles yellow to lime green; some needles in two colors ( yellow and green)
'Green Carpet': Prostrate dwarf form; annual increase of about 5 cm. Colored needles are deep green.
' Witches' broom Horstman ',' witches 'broom Wursten ': dwarf forms that resemble 'The Silver Fox '.
' Horstmann ': hemispherical growing dwarf form with about 2 cm annual growth
' Horstmann 's Silver Fox': See ' The Silver Fox '
' Inverleith '
' Kohout ': dwarf with twisted needles, thereby showing a lot of silvery color
' Lippetal ': Compact, slightly irregular growing dwarf form with very short needles
' LUMINETTA ': With golden needles
'Nana': name for dwarf forms such as ' Compact Dwarf' and ' Prostrate Beauty'
' Pincushion': Spherical shaped cushion to growing with twisted needles, thereby look silvery green.
' Nanaimo ': More compact habit than the type, growth of average speed.
' Nisbet ': shrub -shaped growth; Needles pale green with yellowish tone
' Oberon ': extreme dwarf with bright green needles
'Orange Glow': Low, wide -growing form with dark gold-colored needles that go into more orange in winter.
' Pancake ': Plane, crawling on the ground stature ( the name means in German "pancake " )
' Piccolo ': dwarfs shape having no main trunk. Needles green.
' Pinocchio ': Very dense hemispherical growing dwarf form; up to 5 cm annual growth. Needles sattgrun.
' Pompom ' ( ' Hexenbezen Wustemeyer '): slow-growing cultivar with spherical growth; about 4-5 cm annual growth. Light green needles. This form has been created by W. Wustemeyer ( Schermbeck, Germany ) in 1980.
' Procumbens ': Another name for the form of ' Taiga '.
' Prostrate ', ' Prostrate Beauty': Irregular, wide cantilevered creeping up on the ground stature; some branches curving upwards. There are three female clones with the PTO blue, gray and green known.
' Renault' Dwarf ': Compact dwarf form.
' Silver bullet ': dwarf form that grows flattened hemispherical; denser growth than in the form of ' The Silver Fox '. The needles are only about 1 cm long. The needles are green with partially twisted needles showing their silvery undersides.
' The Silver Fox ' ( ' Horstmann 's Silver Fox '): Small form with about 4-7 cm growth per year, often more. Makes early violet cones. The needles are tight; they are more or less tortuous and show as part of their silvery undersides. This very nice shape has been created before 1983 at the nursery Horstmann in Germany.
' Silver Mavers ': This very dwarf form has twisted needles, showing their silvery undersides. The tops are blue-green.
' Silberperl ': This dwarf form has flattened spherical growth and is suitable for rock gardens. The needles are 6-12 mm long; they are green above, however convoluted, so that they show their silvery undersides. This form has been created at the nursery Horstmann in Germany before 1986.
' Silver band ': This form has faster growth than ' The Silver Fox '. The needles are dark green and silvery on the bottom, similar to the form ' The Silver Fox '.
' Silver Dwarf ': This breitwüchsige dwarf form has twisted needles, showing its silvery underside.
' Silberschmeltzer '
'Silver Show': Narrow, tree -like stature; This form is high up to 7 meters. The needles are those of the form ' The Silver Fox ' similar.
' Strong 's Dwarf ' ( ' Stark's Dwarf' ): This dwarf is about a meter high. Very dense, hemispherical growth.
' Verden Cathedral ': A small form with narrow - conical habit. The needles are bright green and thicker than in the type.
' Taiga ': This form remains low and grows in width. The needles are dark green. There shall be blue cones.
' Threave '
'True Blue': The needles of this form are colored deep blue; they are stronger blue than in the cultivars ' Blue whistle ', ' Blue Zwo ' and 'Blue Star'.
' Tundra ': This dwarf form is about 40 cm high and 60 cm wide.
'Winter Goldtip '
' Wuestmeyer ' ( ' dwarf Wuestmeyer '): An upright growing dwarf form with standing densely radially around the branch needles.

In addition, the Korean Fir has also successfully crossed with the Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa ). The form ' treeline ' is a cross between Abies koreana x Abies lasiocarpa ' Glauca '.

Swell

Christopher J. Earle, 2010: entry with conifers.org - The Gynmnosperm Database. ( Description section )

Jirisan

24414