Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada

The Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development and autochthonous Affaires et Développement du Nord Canada (until 2011 Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada also, in French analogous indiennes Affaires et du Nord Canada) is a department of the government Canada. It is for the political relations of the government institutions to the First Nations of the country, more specifically for the responsible to status Indians, but also for the three northern territories and their inhabitants. Inuit and Métis also fall within his portfolio on this detour.

History

The Department of Indian and Northern Affairs was created as a branch of the Interior Ministry and was responsible for all operations in connection with the Dominion Lands Act of 1872 since John A. Macdonald. This law served as the basis for the proposed settlement of the Prairies Central Canada and was valid until 1918. For a small price settlers could acquire 160 or 320 acres of land. So it was clear from the beginning that Indian and Northern Affairs served in the main land development and its resources. The peoples concerned were mainly seen as an obstacle, their integration should end in complete assimilation. 1867-1936 was the department before a Superintendent - General of Indian Affairs.

In 1936 the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba received back their sovereign rights over their natural resources, the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs was consequently the Department of Mines and Resources assumed, as the economic center of gravity had shifted to mineral resources. But now no longer sufficed a purely commodity- oriented policies. Moreover, defended the First Nations, Métis and the Inuit also against the often ruthless subordination of their needs under resource and therefore economic issues.

Thus, since the objectives apparently no longer sufficient to ensure at least an adequate social and medical care, was the Northern Administration and Lands Branch established in 1951, which led in turn to the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources ( 1953).

In 1950, responsibility for Indian Affairs was the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration assigned to an organizational separation that focus on fixed resources in the north, with the status of Indians rather to a type of immigration - an unsustainable spatial separation.

The result was 1966 which survived until today the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, also known as Indian and Northern Affairs Canada ( INAC ) is known. With the name of at least the focus from pure economic development was shifted to the companies concerned.

To this end, various departments were formed, and increasingly collaborated with certain offices. For contracts that have been concluded with the native peoples, is about a Treaty Policy Directorate responsible for Métis and Non - Status Indians not originally involved, there is an Office of the Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non- Status Indians.

While 1983 and 1986 proposals and recommendations were developed that the First Nations according to their own criteria should lead their member roles, and that the ministry should be resolved to the extent that the indigenous communities have their rights transferred, but this has never been done so that the ministry continues. On the contrary, its competence was extended to Métis and non - status Indians in some way.

Overall, the organization is very controversial, because many tribes see only one side or not at all beyond its control. It is susceptible to lobbying and inertia, as evidenced in recent years especially in the drinking water supply, especially for smaller reserves.

Minister until 2010, the Honourable Chuck beam with the exact title: Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non- Status Indians. Ray, born in 1957, was elected to parliament since 1993 several times, always in charge of economic development. He is in the historic line of the institution. From February 2006 until August 2007, he was responsible for Agriculture and wheat.

His successor, John Duncan is in charge since August 2010. He worked from 1972 to 1993 in the timber industry of the coast of British Columbia,

Land buyback in Saskatchewan ( Treaty land entitlement, since 1992)

On 10 January 2008 jet celebrated with the Muskoday First Nation and their chief Austin Bear, and June Draude, Saskatchewan Minister of First Nations and Métis Relations, a negotiated agreement since 1992. Beam role was significant in so far as it went here to commitments arising from contracts of years from 1874, known as the Numbered Treaties, which had been only partially implemented. 1992, it was found that 33 of the 72 strains were affected, and entered with 25 of them in negotiations ( Treaty land entitlement ). Purpose, the strains should receive money for land purchases, which can compensate for their losses. Currently with four strains exist such contracts. In March and June 1996, the Kawacatoose First Nation signed the Cowessess and the Carry The Kettle First Nation, in October 2000 a contract.

These contracts move in an unconventional environment. The affected land is in fact Crown Land, which dates back to the British colonial era. In principle this country was in 1930 in the possession of the province, in these cases, Saskatchewan, so that the federal government should not be the contractor. But given a clause that if with respect to this crown land nor a commitment by the federal government should be made - which was the case here - so had to be returned to Ottawa this country. Therefore, the Department of Indian and Northern Anegelegenheiten is responsible.

The calculation of land area, the state of the Indians, according to contracts, caused great problems. Said one position that historical sources need to determine how many individuals or families had received no land from the Numbered Treaties. This figure should then be multiplied by 128 acres, the area that would have been due to each individual at the time. But the spirit of the treaties was different, because the tribes should be able to live a decent life. But these tribes had now become generally much more numerous. Ultimately, it was agreed that one the percentage of time calculated cheated or forgotten and umrechnete on today, usually much larger population. This area, in turn, had to be converted in the contract in order to calculate an amount of compensation for land acquisition may in an appropriate price according to the current price trend. This country was again obtained reserve status, so be unsaleable.

In addition, the tribe decides as a whole, what is bought, and it can also be non- Crown land be purchased. In order not to drive costs and land prices in the region in the height, the payout is distributed to 12 years. Overall, there is $ 539 million for approximately 2,000,000 acres of land. Given the fact that the present value of the entire country that have given up the tribes of the province, is estimated at $ 61 billion, still a small sum. Saskatchewan participates in this 30 to 49%, depending on the amounts that can save the province through resettlement in the reserve supply. In addition, the province hopes high savings in the support for impoverished reserve members. The 9 % of the population, representing the Indians in the province, currently own only 1 % of the country, an area that should have doubled at the end of the process.

Agreements with the Inuit

The Ministry has also played an important role in agreements with the Inuit. The agreement of the James Bay and Northern Quebec of the Inuit and the Cree of Quebec, signed in 1975. 1984 signed the Inuvialuit in the Northwest Territories signed a contract with the Government of Canada. On January 22, 2005, this did the Inuit of Nunatsiavut (Labrador ) with Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador. International attention was however much more the agreement that led to the creation of Nunavut, the province with the largest currently autonomy in 1993 and 1999, respectively.

Analog institutions in the provinces and territories

The provinces and territories of Canada have set up in accordance with the federal institution 's own " Ureinwohnerministerien ". Thus, in the Northwest Territories, the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Intergovernmental Relations ( DAAR ) is responsible, in British Columbia, the Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation, in Manitoba Manitoba Aboriginal and Northern Affairs.