Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi

Ibn al - ʿ Arabī al - Ma ʿ Afiri ( Muhammad ibn ʿ Abd ibn al - ʿ Arabī al - Ma ʿ Afiri al - Ischbīlī, Abū Bakr Arabic ابن العربي المعافري, محمد بن عبد الله بن العربي المعافري الإشبيلي, أبو بكر, DMG Muḥammad b. ʿ Abd, Ibn al - ʿ Arabī al - Ma ʿ Afiri, al - Išbīlī, Abū Bakr; * 1076 in Seville, † 1148 in Fes ) was a Roommate Maliki jurist and Islamic theologian Andalusian origin.

Life

A detailed biography of him written by his contemporary ʿ Iyad ibn Musa, the famous Maliki scholar and Kadi of Sabtah († 1149 ) He studied in his native city of Seville. (Arabic: Ischbīlīya / إشبيلية / Isbiliya ), then by well-known scholars in Córdoba. With his father, he traveled to the East and studied in Syria, Baghdad, where he attended the lectures of al - Ghazzali, also in Mecca and Egypt.

After the death of his father 1099-1100 in Alexandria - according to al-Dhahabi in his scholarly biography in Jerusalem - he returned to his native Sevilla, where he held the position of Oberkadis some time and had a large circle of students, including Ibn Baschkuwāl belonged. The students of fiqh ended their legal education by reading one of the most famous law case collections of Andalusian origin, al - Ahkam al - Kubra of ʿ ibn Sahl Īsā († 1093 ), the Qadi of Córdoba. In his position as a judge Ibn al - ʿ Arabī was greatly feared, because he was going rigorously against wrongdoers. As he says himself in his work al - ʿ Awāṣim in al - Qawasim, one day should have ganged up various law-breakers because of his harsh sentences and besieged him in his house. According to a tradition cited by al - Maqqarī in his History Nafḥ aṭ -Tib, it was Ibn al - ʿ Arabi rigor, which eventually led to his dismissal from the office of judge. The dismissal was therefore, after he had durchboren the player of a wind instrument, the jaw. After the conquest of Seville by the Almohad Ibn al - ʿ Arabī was exiled to Marrakech, where he was a year in jail. On his way from Marrakech to Fez he died in September 1148.

He was buried outside the city walls on Bāb al - Mahruq of Fez. His grave is still a popular place of pilgrimage and the entire cemetery a popular burial place in the present.

From his extensive study trips Ibn al- ʿ Arabī brought with around 50 works in the field of Hadith, Fiqh and Islamic historiography according Sevilla and taught it in his hometown. His contemporaries valued him as a credible scholar; Ibn Hajar al - ʿ only Asqalani described him as "weak" (da ʿ eef ) Aryan tradition. He was wealthy and had the city walls of Seville, as Dhahabi, rebuild at his own cost.

Works

Ibn al - ʿ Arabī wrote several works in the field of fiqh, the interpretations of the Qur'an, the Hadith, theology and mysticism, which have been preserved only in part. In the Andalusian scholars Biographies 88 working titles are enumerated. His writings are basic sources of the Maliki school of law. Some of them he cites in his commentary on the Muwatta ʾ.

• Ahkam al - Qur'an أحكام القرآن / Ahkam al -Qur ʾ ān /, The law of the Koran 'is not a Koranic exegesis in the classical sense, but the summary and explanation of those verses of the Qur'an that have general validity in the Islamic jurisprudence Maliki genetic imprinting. At the request of Moulay Abd al - Hafiz, the Sultan of the Alawites in Morocco, the work is published through its funding for the first time in 1912 in Cairo. Another, but only partially improved edition followed in 1958 in Cairo and 1972 in Beirut. The complete introduction to the work first appeared in 2011 for previously unknown manuscripts.

• On - Nāsich wal- mansūch الناسخ والمنسوخ / on - Nasih wa - ʾ l - mansūḫ /, The Abrogierende and the abrogated ' treated those Koran verses which repealed the opinion of the traditionists and Koranexegeten by other verses of the Qur'an in their legal or theological validity or are restricted. The work was published only in 1988 in the print.

• Qanun at- ta ʾ fī Wil -t - Tafseer قانون التأويل في التفسير /, The Law of Interpretation in the Koran exegesis ' is preserved in manuscripts in Cairo.

• Al- Sharh Muwatta ʾ fī Masālik Maalik المسالك في شرح موطأ مالك / al - masālik fī ʾ Sharḥ Muwatta Maalik /, methods for explaining the Muwatta ' of Malik '. This commentary on the Muwatta 'of Malik ibn Anas is obtained in two volumes in a Moroccan manuscript library.

• Al- Qabas fī Sharh Muwatta ʾ Ibn Anas القبس في شرح موطأ ابن أنس / al - Qabas fī Sharḥ Muwatta ʾ Ibn Anas /, editing the explanation of the Muwatta ʾ of ( Maalik ) ibn Anas ' is also a commentary on the Muwatta ʾ, in which the author the traditional base in the hadith explains the content and often on the teachings of other schools of law, to whom he had contact on his study trip, falls back. The plant is located since 1998 in print by.