Abu Sufyan ibn Harb

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb (Arabic: أبو سفيان بن حرب, DMG Abu Sufyan b Harb, . † 652 ) was a clan leader and merchant in Mecca at the time of the Prophet Muhammad and played a significant role in the history of early Islam. He belonged to the ʿ Abd -Shams, a clan of the Quraysh tribe, to. At the beginning of the 7th century, he and his father Harb the function of a " referee " ( Hakam ) held for the Umayyads, who formed a subgroup of ʿ Abd -Shams. Later, he is mentioned as the leader of the entire clan ʿ Abd Shams.

Abu Sufyan was a staunch opponent of Muhammad and his followers pursued. Even his daughter Ramla fled before him to Abyssinia, after they had embraced Islam. After the battle of Badr in 624, and the deaths of several local Meccan leaders had Abu Sufyan years held the control of the Meccan policy and fought from this position Mohammed in the strongest terms.

An improvement in the relationship between the two resulted in 628 by Muhammad Abu Sufyan's daughter Ramla married ( Umm Habiba = ). When in the year 630 allies of the Quraish had broken the peace agreement Hudaibiya, Abu Sufyan went to negotiate with Muhammad to Medina. The exact course of events is not clear, but it is certain that it came between him and Muhammad Abu Sufyan after returning to Mecca for the exchange of gifts. During the subsequent siege of Mecca by Muhammad Abu Sufyan troops led the negotiations for the peaceful surrender of the city. On this occasion, he converted himself to Islam.

One of Abu Sufyan's sons was Mu'awiya, who later became caliph, who founded the Umayyad rule.

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