Acentropinae

Seerosenzünsler ( Elophila nymphaeata )

The Acentropinae are a subfamily of butterflies of the family Crambidae, whose representatives live exclusively in wetlands and aquatic habitats.

Features

On the head of a moth Jordan 's organ is formed. Ocelli ( simple eyes ) can be present or absent. In the male the antennae are filiform and ciliate, with the females they are rarely provided with a few lashes. Mandibles are missing. The Maxilliarpalpen usually consist of four segments in the genus Acentria they are very small and consist of only three segments. The suction nozzle has a normal length, and is wound spirally, only in the genus Acentria it is greatly reduced. The labial palps are typically composed of three segments. The genus Acentria is an exception with consisting of two segments and drooping labial palps. For all other genera they are stretched out. The labial palps are one to three times as long as the eye diameter.

On the fore wings the veins are stalked R3 and R4. The vein R5 arises directly to the cell. R2, the wire is always approximated to R3 4 and in many cases, cross-linked therewith. However, this is not a feature of the anastomosis, which is different from the Acentropinae other subfamilies, such as formulated by Hampson in 1897, as it is also found in other subfamilies of Crambidae. Even within the Acentropinae there are some exceptions. Otherwise, the Acentropinae have the typical Flügeladerung the Crambidae. Many species such as Cataclysta have eye spots on the hind wings, but they are found not only in the Acentropinae. They are also found in the genera Archischoenobius Speidel, 1984 ( Schoenobiinae ) Aureopteryx Amsel, 1954 ( Glaphyriinae ) and Talanga Moore, ( Pyraustinae ).

The wing scales are similar to those of most Pyraloidea very strong. In most species the Acentropinae they are parallelrandig, distally slightly serrated, hollow and have a characteristic perforation. Deviations can be found for example in Kasania arundinalis and Acentria ephemerella. In the first type, the distal end of the stem is shed in a recess at the shed base. The scale is parallelrandig and distally strongly serrated. In the second type mentioned at the flake form is very unusual. The side edges are not parallel, but rather terminate proximally in two peaks. The handle does not sit on the shed end, but is moved to the bottom. It is not visible from above, since it is hidden by the scale. The scale is deeply incised distally in two or three places and the longitudinal ribs are divided into fibers with protruding ends.

In the males, a well-developed, portable Gnathos is formed, which can be used to distinguish between Acentropinae and Pyraustinae because he lacks the latter. The Gnathos is small and often fused at the base with the Tegumen. The Signum is composed of paired sclerotized spots whose axis normally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the corpus bursae.

The doll has strong frontal bristles and is hemipneustisch, ie it has one or more closed Tracheenpaare. On mesothorax no stigmata are formed. The stigmata of the open abdominal segments 2-4 are elongated tubular. They are well known characteristic of the subfamily and no other butterfly group. Their function is unknown, it is believed that they have evolved in the context of underwater breathing. The stigmata on the segments 5-8 are only superficial scars on which attaches inside the endothelial lining of the trachea. After hatching, the moth these filamentous vascular endothelium remains in the exuvia.

Biology

The representatives of the Acentropinae live exclusively in wetlands and aquatic habitats. The ability to live on the water surface or even under water, are artabhängig differently or may be due to the ontogeny. In young caterpillars a closed tracheal outward is formed that receives the oxygen of the hydrophilic Exokutikula. Later stages caterpillars develop either a plastron respiration or take the oxygen via tracheal gills on. Pupation takes place inside an air-filled silk spun yarn. Here the doll gets the vital oxygen through open stigmata from the air inside the spun yarn. The oxygen diffuses - due to the gradient of the partial pressure - from the surrounding water into the web after. The moths can land with her long legs right on the water surface. The females lay the eggs in this way on aquatic host plants from. To this end, the rear part of the abdomen is submerged under water.

System

To subfamily Acentropinae the formerly independent subfamily Nymphulinae is expected in the status of a tribe today almost always. In Europe, 13 species occur in six genera. A number of species was introduced to Europe and settled greenhouses with water plants. Worldwide, there are a total of about 730 species in 78 genera known:

  • Acentria Stephens, 1829
  • Agassiziella Yoshiyasu, 1989
  • Almonia Walker, 1866
  • Anydraula Meyrick, 1885
  • Araeomorpha Turner, 1908
  • Argyractis Hampson, 1897
  • Argyractoides Lange, 1956
  • Argyrophorodes Marion, 1956
  • Aula codes Guenée, 1854
  • Banepa Moore, 1888
  • Brevicella Kenrick, 1912
  • Callilitha Munroe, 1959
  • Cataclysta Hübner, 1825
  • Chrysendeton Grote, 1881
  • Clepsicosma Meyrick, 1888
  • Compsophila Meyrick, 1886
  • CONTIGER Lange, 1956
  • Crypto Cosma Lederer, 1863
  • Decticogaster Snellen, 1880
  • Diathraustodes Hampson, 1896
  • Dodanga Moore, 1886
  • Elophila Hübner, 1822
  • Eoophyla Swinhoe, 1900
  • Eoparargyractis Lange, 1956
  • Ephormotris Meyrick, 1933
  • Eristena Warren, 1896
  • Eurytorna Meyrick, 1886
  • Galadra Walker, 1865
  • Gethosyne Warren, 1896
  • Giogia J. F. G. Clarke, 1965
  • Glyphandra Karsch, 1900
  • Goniopalpia Hampson, 1903
  • Hemiloba Swinhoe, 1901
  • Hyaloplaga Warren, 1892
  • Hygraula Meyrick, 1885
  • Hylebatis Turner, 1908
  • Kasania Krulikovsky, 1910
  • Langessa Munroe, 1972
  • Lasiogyia Hampson, 1907
  • Lathroteles J. F. G. Clarke, 1971
  • Leucogephyra Warren, 1896
  • Marga Roch Roma Warren, 1896
  • Margarosticha Lederer, 1863
  • Neargyractis Lange, 1956
  • Neocataclysta Lange, 1956
  • Neoschoenobia Hampson, 1900
  • Neurophruda Warren, 1896
  • Nicaria Snellen, 1880
  • Niphadaza Butler, 1886
  • Nyctiplanes Turner, 1937
  • Nymphicula Snellen, 1880
  • Nymphula cabinet, 1802
  • Nymphuliella Lange, 1956
  • Nymphulodes Hampson, 1919
  • Oligernis Meyrick, 1894
  • Oligostigma Guenée, 1854
  • Oligostigmoides Lange, 1956
  • Opisthedeicta Warren, 1890
  • Osphrantis Meyrick, 1897
  • Oxyelophila W. T. M. Forbes, 1922
  • Paracataclysta Yoshiyasu, 1983
  • Paracymoriza Warren, 1890
  • Parapoynx Hübner, 1825
  • Petrophila Guilding, 1830
  • Potamomusa Yoshiyasu, 1985
  • Pseudlithosia Hampson, 1907
  • Pythagoraea Meyrick, 1929
  • Stegothyris Lederer, 1863
  • Strepsinoma Meyrick, 1897
  • Symphonia Hampson, 1896
  • Synclitodes Munroe, 1974
  • Temnobasis Gaede, 1916
  • Teratausta Hampson, 1903
  • Teratauxta E. Hering, 1901
  • Tetrernia Meyrick, 1890
  • Theila Swinhoe, 1900
  • Thevitella Viette, 1958
  • Usingeriessa Lange, 1956

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