Acetyltransferase

Acetyltransferases are enzymes that transfer a residual acetic acid ( acetyl ) to suitable acceptors. These enzymes are transferases ( EC 2.3. -. - ) And belong to the acyl transferases ( EC 2.3.1 -. ) Because they transfer the acetyl group from a donor to an acceptor. The replacement of a hydrogen atom of specific acceptor by an acetyl radical is referred to acetylation.

Many affect acetylation, and proteins as acceptors occur in the context of regulation of processes such as the acetylation of histones in the histone often with epigenetic effect, or the Tat protein (Trans- Activator of Transcription protein) from the HI virus to its activity regulation. Often doing a lysyl residue of the protein is acetylated exclusively with histones and Tat protein.

As a donor for the acetyl and the Acetylierungsenergie usually is acetyl coenzyme A. The acetylation of this coenzyme A is made by the acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase ( ACAT ), another acetyltransferase ( EC 2.3.1.9 ).

Acetyl- transferases are frequently referred to as acetylases. This is confusing as to be distinguished from acetyl transferase reactions are other enzymatic changes which have an acetyl group to the sequence without the atoms are transferred from a donor to the acceptor. Thus, some enzymes of the enzyme groups EC 2.8.2 -. , EC 3.1.1 -. , EC 3.1.2 -. , EC 3.4.13 -. , And EC 3.5.1 -. Synonymously referred to as acetylases or deacetylases.

The opposite reaction, the removal of an acetyl group, cause deacetylases, also not a uniform group of enzymes. A protein deacetylation often reaches the acetylation directed against regulatory action.

Examples of acetyltransferases

  • EC 2.3.1.9 acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase ( ACAT)
  • EC 2.3.1.12 dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
  • EC 2.3.1.48 histone acetyltransferase (HAT)
  • EC 2.3.1.87 serotonin N-acetyltransferase
  • EC 2.3.1.183 phosphinothricin acetyltransferase ( PAT; in transgenic " Maize 1507 " included)
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