Acrylic paint

Acrylic paints, varnishes or paintings based on dispersions of plastics. They are often diluted with water and dry out a water-resistant film. In addition, there are also acrylic paints based on organic solvents. The acrylic resin paints prepared on the basis of polymerized acrylic acid esters were first produced in the late 1940s in the United States, from the early 1960s in Europe of artist Farbenfabriken for use in painting. Today they are also used in crafts, industrial and hobby applications.

Artists' Colours

Already in 1934, was taken at the BASF 's first ready- aqueous acrylic resin dispersion, the patent on Rohm and Haas had filed in 1930 under the name Plextol. 1946 brought the company Bocour Artists Colors in New York City their product range Magna Plastic on the market, their production was discontinued only in the 1990s. Depending on the degree of polymerization, the solvents were initially toluene or xylene, later it was white spirit ( called the Acryloid to F -10). The binder in acrylic paint is initially milky white and becomes transparent only by drying. Therefore, acrylic colors are minimal darker in drying. Since the color can be mixed with water, it is sometimes used instead of water color and wall color.

Acrylic paint can also be used as an alternative or complement to oil paint and painting techniques with the most common here. The drying time of the pure acrylic paint is very short, but can be artificially lengthened with mediums. The paint can be applied in impasto with brushes or Malmessern and also dries in thick layers without cracks. Diluted with water, the acrylic paint will vermalt glaze. With the help of acrylic binder, similarly as in the watercolor painting, thin glazes are placed. The dried color is slightly glossy and forms an elastic film on the painting surface. Acrylic paint can be used on any fat-free surface ( canvas, wood, metal and others). With simultaneous use of oil paints, the acrylic paint can be applied as background. However, solid image carrier such as painting boards are required for strong impasto work methods and image design with pastes and gels. For color changes and lighting effects such as effects, fiber and Metallikgel can be used in acrylic painting with modeling paste and other structural funds. Here, the Strukturgel or the structure of paste can be applied with a variety of work tools such as palette knife, comb or spatula onto the primed painting surface and then colored.

Tools can be cleaned with water only in drying the paint is water-insoluble and must be removed with special solvents. Unlike oil paint, water-based acrylic paint is very low odor during and Grind.

Acrylic paints for crafts

In the building and home improvement sector, acrylic paints have largely prevailed against similar products such as nitro - or alkyd paints. One advantage is that the used solvents harmful, when compared to, for example, nitro paints ( 70-80 %), are significantly reduced ( 7-15 %). The initial lower abrasion resistance compared with synthetic enamel was largely offset by new product developments.

Components

Like other stains is acrylic paint of three components:

  • Solvents which dissolve the binder and evaporate during drying of the colors. In contrast to the oil paint, it is here mostly water. By the evaporation mass of color loses slightly in volume.
  • Binders serve to connect the pigment particles to each other and that with the base. Acrylic binder made ​​of synthetic resin particles that are present in high concentrations in the water. When the water evaporates, the particles deposit closer together and form an elastic, water-insoluble film. The type of binder determines the properties of color in eg elasticity, diluent, liability.
  • Pigments. There are organic, inorganic and effect pigments. In addition to the shade the deck ( covering of the surface) and color are assets ( other colors change ) the main characteristics.

Time and resource

  • Grundierweiß ( gesso ): serves as a primer on all unfinished painting surfaces.
  • Thickener: increase the consistency of color and are well suited for a pasty order or for working with the spatula.
  • Retarder extend the drying time of the paint. Good for working in the wet-on- wet technique. As a cheap substitute and glycerine can be used. Drying agents ( desiccants ) are not used in the already fast-drying acrylic paints.
  • Modelling: allow for more hours of drying, without substantial shrinkage of the volume, a plastic post with abrasive materials or knives.
  • Lustres dispersions ( media): influence the gloss properties gradually from semi-gloss to high gloss.
  • Varnishes: generate a varnish-like protective layer on the surface. The brilliance can boost ( Gloss Varnish ), maintained (neutral varnish ) or reduced (Gloss Varnish ).
  • Perfluorinated surfactants: improve the wetting and surface properties (concentrations of 300 to 500 mg / kg).
  • Acrylic binder: enable the manufacture of acrylic paint, the painting of fine glazes and are also suitable as an intermediate varnish.
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