Administrative divisions of the Republic of China

Controlled by the established in mainland China in 1912 's Republic of China territory is limited since 1949 on the island of Taiwan and a number of smaller islands. However, it has its claims on mainland China and Mongolia never formally abandoned. Must therefore be made in the management structure of the Republic of China between the effective breakdown of the actual controlled territory, where five direct-controlled cities and addition, 14 counties and three county-level cities form the main units, and the only existing on paper to all over China and adjacent areas related constitutional division into 35 provinces, 14 cities, two regions (地方, Difang, places ') and a special zone.

The actual controlled areas

Provinces

The fact controlled by the government of the Republic of China area only included from 1950, the Taiwan Province and a small part of Fujian Province. From the province of Taiwan's main metropolitan regions were spun directly under the Central Government 1976-2010. The province now covers about 73% of the island of Taiwan, the Pescadores archipelago of the Formosastraße and other minor islands. Your headquarters is located in Zhongxing County, central Nantou. The controlled by the Republic of China part of Fujian province comprises several islands off the coast of the Chinese mainland, especially Kinmen ( Quemoy ) and Matsu. The provincial government is located in Jincheng on Kinmen.

In the course of administrative reform in 1998, the provincial administrations lost a lot of their skills. Since then, the provincial level plays a minor role in the administrative division of the Republic of China.

Government Direct cities

Well since December 2010 as one of a quarter of its territory to five directly under the central government put millions of cities in which to live together about 60 % of the population. The administrative area of the administered municipalities encompasses also their rural surroundings including little country districts.

At the top of every town there is a directly elected mayor for four years.

Counties and county-level cities

The main administrative units outside the administered municipalities, the counties (Chinese县, Pinyin Xiàn ), each headed to four-year terms directly elected district is, and the province belonging to independent cities (Chinese省 辖市, Pinyin Shěngxiáshì ), the mayor also on four years is directly elected and which are managed separately from their respective surrounding areas. For Taiwan Province include twelve counties and three county-level cities. The archipelago of the Pescadores forms the County Penghu, the other eleven counties and independent cities are all on the island of Taiwan. The island groups of Kinmen and Matsu each form a belonging to the province of Fujian county.

Today's Republic of China is therefore in eight cities and 14 counties divided ( Population in July 2012, according to statistics of the Ministry of the Interior ):

Cities and Towns

→ See also: List of cities in the Republic of China

The districts are subdivided into municipalities and cities belonging to a county. While there are no county's cities are in Mainland China ( not under the rule of the Republic of China today under the People's Republic of China), get on Taiwan municipalities over 150,000 inhabitants in general the status of a city or metropolitan area (Chinese市, pinyin Shì, English city ). In addition, the capitals of all counties of Taiwan Province, but not the Fujian Province, has been promoted to cities. In total there are in the Republic of China 17 kreisangehorige cities (县 辖市Chinese, Pinyin Xiànxiáshì ). In addition to the twelve district towns of Taiwan Province, these are Puzi as parliamentary seat of the county and the cities Jiayi Zhongli, bathing, Pingzhen and Yangmei, all located in the most populous Taoyuan County.

In addition, there are two types of communities as Zhen (镇, zhen, English urban township ) and Xiang (乡, Xiang, English rural township ) are referred to. The " municipalities " Zhen ( also referred to as large municipalities ) are distinguished generally by a higher population and a greater degree of urbanization than the " rural communities " Xiang.

The districts and administered municipalities are divided into districts (区, Qū ) divided, in turn, in Li (neighborhoods ,里) are divided. The county's cities are just like the Zhen - divided communities directly in Li, the level of districts is not given here. The Xiang communities in villages (村, CUN ) can be subdivided.

The lowest administrative level below the neighborhoods and villages make up the neighborhood (邻, Lín 'neighborhoods' ) in all cities and towns.

Administrative history of Taiwan Province in the Republic of China

Under Japanese rule, Taiwan and the Pescadores were organized from 1920 in seven prefectures in 1926 were the Pescadores from the prefecture Takao, of which they were initially removed and managed as eighth Prefecture Hoko own. Between 1926 and 1945 the following prefectures passed:

As the Republic of China in 1945 took over control of the province of Taiwan, they kept the bodies set up by the Japanese division at first and made the eight prefectures to the counties of Taipei, Xinzhu, Taizhong, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Hualian, Taidong and Penghu. The nine cities Taipei, Keelung, Xinzhu, Taizhong, Zhanghua, Jiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung and Pingdong were managed as a county-level cities. Hualian and Yilan retained their obtained under Japanese rule city status in, but remained part of the districts of Taipei and Hualian and were thus the first two towns in the county's Republic of China.

On August 16, 1950, new constituency boundaries came into force at which the counties Yilan (previously part of the district of Taipei), Taoyuan, Miaoli (previously parts of the district Xinzhu ), Nantou, Zhanghua (previously parts of the district Taizhong ), Yunlin, Jiayi (previously part of the district of Tainan ) (previously part of the district of Kaohsiung ) newly emerged and Pingdong. The city Jiayi was thereby incorporated into the county Jiayi. On December 1, 1951 Xinzhu, Zhanghua and Pingdong were part of the respective counties, making it 16 districts, five county-level cities and six kreisangehorige was in the province of Taiwan.

In 1956, the administrative seat of the province of Taiwan Taipei was moved to Zhongxing in Nantou County. On November 11, 1967 Taipei was separated from the province of Taiwan and the first centrally-administered city in Taiwan, Kaohsiung followed in 1979 and became the second -administered city.

On 1 July 1982 Xinzhu and Jiayi regained the status of independent cities, which there were 16 districts and five county-level cities in the province of Taiwan.

From 1962 kreisangehorige municipalities with more than 100,000 were promoted ( from 1977 more than 150,000 ) inhabitants, county's cities. This was 1962 and Sanchong Zhongli, Taoyuan, 1971, 1972 Banqiao and Fengshan, 1976 Taidong and Fengyuan, 1979 Yonghe and Zhonghe, 1980 Xinzhuang and Xindian, 1992 Pingzhen, 1993 Yongkang, Tucheng and Dali, 1995 Bath, 1996 Taiping, Luzhou 1997, 1999 Xizhi and Shulin and 2010 Yangmei. A district capitals of the city status given in 1981 Miaoli, Nantou, Douliu, Xinying and Magong; 1988 followed Zhubei, 1991 and 1992 Taibao Puzi (parliament seat of the district Jiayi ).

On December 25, 2010, from the Taipei County government the immediate city of New Taipei; the counties Taizhong, Tainan and Kaohsiung were incorporated in the respective cities Taizhong, Tainan and Kaohsiung. After the enlargement also Taizhong and Tainan were awarded the status of centrally-administered cities.

Since all cities and towns lost in the previous counties Taipei, Taizhong, Tainan and Kaohsiung their independence, the total number of the county's cities decreased in the Republic of China through the reorganization from 33 to 17

Official Classification of the Republic of China in relation to the whole of China

The official administrative structure dates from the time when the Republic of China still governs the whole mainland. Although the Republic of China no longer manages the mainland, it has never waived constitutionally this right. The originating from the mainland Constitution of 1947 after rising the continued Republic of China officially hitherto entitled to the whole of China in the borders of 1911, at the end of the Chinese Empire or the beginning of the Chinese Republic. These areas include not only mainland China and Mongolia, the Autonomous Republic of Tuva in the Russian Federation, the administrative unit Kachin State in Myanmar and parts of Kyrgyzstan.

However, since the beginning of the democratization of Taiwan in the 1990s ( sovereignty ) claims on mainland China were in fact no longer applicable and the Communist sovereignty claim to the mainland, but not recognized unofficially on the territory of the Republic of China. The claims were abandoned in 1991 by the National Chinese President Lee Teng- hui, which was not ratified by the National Assembly of the Republic of China. In 1999, the outgoing president marked the two- China theory, which was followed by the successor government under Chen Shui -bian on. Claims on former Chinese territories on the mainland, which are under the control of other states are also de facto no longer applicable, for example, on the territory of Mongolia. Unlike 1997, the Dalai Lama was called " foreign state guest " at the return visit in 2001 in Taiwan.

At its inception in 1912, the Republic of China took over the administrative divisions of the Qing Dynasty, which is at that time the 22 Provinven Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang gave. In addition to the 22 provinces of the Beiyang government had set up four special zones. Today's official classification based on the level of 1949 and consists of 35 provinces, 14 cities, two Regions (地方, Difang, places ') and a special zone. It differs from the post-1949 repeatedly modified the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China.