Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop [ ə ˌ doʊbi fəʊtəʊʃɒp ] is an image editing program for pixel graphics of the U.S. software company Adobe Systems. In the field of image editing and prepress the program is the global leader and dominant. Photoshop is part of the Adobe Creative Suite, a suite of graphics and design programs and like most other applications from Adobe for the Mac OS operating systems and Microsoft Windows.

Meaning of the program

Photoshop is generally considered one of the most feature-rich image editing programs. In the visual processed industry, it has established itself as the industry standard. Most of the features that are now used regularly in image editing software, were originally unveiled in Photoshop.

Photoshop is used worldwide by about 10 million users, about 90 % of professional designers use this software. According to a survey using 58% of Photoshop users the program as a black copies. In 2007, Photoshop was the fourth leading black copied software.

The price of Photoshop has remained nominally equal; due to inflation, the value of new versions over the years but de facto fell, as the Version 1 of 1990 cost $ 695 (equivalent adjusted for inflation today $ 1,288 ), CS5 costs $ 699 and in the " Extended" version $ 999. Adobe introduced a more favorable consumer spending, first as Photoshop LT, then called Adobe Photoshop Elements whose functions have been optimized for the needs of home users. Compared to the more expensive and larger versions of Photoshop functions have been removed, which are used more in the professional field. So missing as with most competitors - such as GIMP - the CMYK color model mode or the ability to edit images in a color depth of 48 bits. They are intended for web design as well as post-processing images from digital cameras. Specially for easier operation -oriented features such as file browser with enhanced capabilities, red-eye tool or Instant Healing Brush, were first found in Photoshop Elements before they stood in more powerful Photoshop CS2 available. The element output is often bundled with digital cameras or scanners.

Next there was of the Photoshop versions 2 to 5 editions with the letters LE Limited Edition, which, similar to the current Photoshop Elements Photoshop CS compared to a functionally limited version of the program showed. These were also commonly bundled with hardware as so-called bundle or OEM version.

History / Development

The development of Photoshop began in 1987, first by Thomas Knoll and later with his brother John Knoll. The latter at this time worked for Industrial Light & Magic. He set the program as a VFX Artist for the film The Abyss. The resulting program called Display. In the next time the brothers improved the program; the first 200 copies of the version 0.87 was a year later the company Barneyscan XP supplied and distributed together with their scanners under the name Image Pro.

Aldus developed at the same time the photo Tyler. Adobe had just met with Letraset an agreement for the further development of Color Studio, was discovered as a Photoshop from Adobe's art director Russell Brown as the better program. Therefore, the Knoll brothers and Adobe In 1988, a forward-looking for the software contract. Only two years later, in February 1990, was released exclusively for the Apple Macintosh Photoshop S1.0 from Adobe. From the outset it was intended for the processing of images that were digitized by a scanner. These devices were at that time still rare and expensive. In the published version of 1992 the path tools were already included. With version 2.5, the same year appeared the first time, a version for Windows computers. Version 3 appeared in 1994 and included levels, which allowed more complex edits for the first time. Files in Photoshop were limited to 30,000 x 30,000 pixels. Appeared in 1998 in version 5.0 first editable text and the adjustable recursive version history. The version 5.5 was aligned with its release in 1999 specifically to additional features for the network. CS contained first time in 2003 gruppierbare levels and large file support. With CS2 came in 2005 as a new feature " Red -eye ", 2007 brought CS3 algorithms to speed up loading of images and the Quick Selection tool. CS4 was released in 2008 with enhanced pan and zoom, tabbed documents and mask layers, Photoshop was now available in 22 languages.

Although primarily developed for the processing of the print-ready images, even images for the World Wide Web have been increasingly produced with Photoshop. With version S5.5 came with Photoshop out an additional program called ImageReady, which provided specialized tools for this purpose. These functions have been gradually integrated up to version CS2 in the main application.

With the release of Adobe Creative Suite ( CS ) (2003 ) was the designation of Photoshop changed: In the foreground of the name since then is belonging to each "suite" (Photoshop CS, Photoshop CS2, Photoshop CS3, etc.); the actual version number ( 8, 9, 10, etc. ) is referred to only in addition.

(The English version on the market since April 16, 2007, the German version since May 15, 2007 CS3) In April 2005 appeared Version 9 (CS2 ), on 27 March 2007 Version 10. Integrating ImageReady into the main program has been completed and is no longer since then as a separate program.

On 23 September 2008, the Creative Suite 4 ( CS4) was released with Photoshop 11 and sold in Germany since November 4, 2008. For Windows (Vista ), but not for the Macintosh, so a 64 -bit version is available for the first time. This version is the latest that supports Apple computers with Power PC processors.

On April 12, 2010, the Creative Suite 5 ( CS5) was released with Photoshop 12 which is sold in Germany since May 10, 2010. A 64 -bit version is available for Mac OS X for the first time. In April 2011, Photoshop has been updated slightly with publication of Creative Suite 5.5, which is designed to work with special tablet apps.

11 May 2012 Creative Suite 6 ( CS6 ) was released with Photoshop 13. One innovation was the Mercury - graphics engine, which accelerates the screen layout, the ( paid ) Adobe Creative Cloud feature ( in Germany from the same date available) and a revision of the design tools. Another feature of Photoshop 13 is the dark gray background of the edit window, which has so far been light gray. With the same 13 Photoshop RAW Converter " Adobe Camera RAW ( ACR) appeared 7

7 May 2013 Adobe Photoshop version introduced the CC so that the programs of the Creative Suite changed to Creative Cloud. By switching to a cloud solution, one can use their personal settings everywhere Photoshop CC is installed. Other new features include filters to reduce camera shake, editable rounded rectangles, like a live preview.

Versions

• Path support

• Native PowerPC support
• First Windows version

• Levels
• Palette Tabs

• Adjustment Layers
• Macros

• Editable text ( previously was rasterized text immediately after it has been added)
• Undo function with history
• Color Management
• Magnetic Lasso

• " Optimized for the web store " function

• Vector shapes
• New Graphical User Interface
• Number of levels increased from 99 to 8000
• " Liquefaction " filter
• Layer Styles

• Texts now fully vectorized
• "Healing Brush"

• Camera RAW 1.x plug- in (optional)

• Camera RAW 2.x support
• Heavily modified Slice function
• Shadow and apparent functions
• "Lens Blur " effect filter
• Filter Gallery
• Smart Guides
• Real-time histogram
• Macrovision copy protection based on SafeCast DRM technology
• Scripting support for JavaScript and other programming languages
• Hierarchical layer groups
• Layer Comps
• New file format introduced PSB (Photoshop Big)

• Camera RAW 3.x support
• Smart Objects
• Editable graphical user interface
• Adobe Bridge Support
• HDRI Support (16 - and 32- bit)
• Warp ( Warp )
• Vanishing Point
• Lens correction
• Selective Sharpening
• DNG Converter
• Better memory management on 64- bit systems (PowerPC G5)
• Altered plane handlers, first version in which multiple layers can be selected at a time

• Two versions of Photoshop, the extended version includes additional features for 3D, video and animation, as well as advanced tools for image analysis
• ImageReady is abolished and the functions are integrated directly into Photoshop
• The Extract filter is removed from the default installation and must be installed as a plug -in.
• Native support for Apple computers with Intel hardware
• Improved Windows Vista support
• Revised graphical user interface
• Smart Filter
• Extension of the Camera RAW support
• Lens correction ( lens distortions, chromatic aberrations and vignetting )
• Amended handling of curves, vanishing points, Channel Mixer, Brightness, Contrast, and the Print dialog
• The black and white function were added settings
• Auto Tone, Auto Contrast, and Auto Color Features
• Optimization of image files for portable devices
• Optimization of the clone and healing functions
• Optimized 32 -bit HDR processing ( levels, drawing, more filters and settings )
• Start the application was greatly accelerated

• GPU and OpenGL support for continuous zooming and panning
• Native support for 64-bit Windows Vista
• " Intelligent scaling " allows content- dependent scaling, where resizing the image is automatically created to scale new and therefore important image components remain (such as people) unchanged
• 3D capabilities have been greatly expanded, it is now possible to draw directly on 3D objects (similar to ZBrush ) to create or animated 3D scenes
• New Graphical User Interface
• " Tabbed document display", the different open files appear as tabs above
• It is now possible to go even when zoomed view on the edge of the image
• Removal or loss of important functions: contact sheet, measuring color values ​​in adjustment layers, picture zoom function by limiting the palette window, fixation of locations in actions and other
• Permanent faults in the storage of Photomerge, combination of blend modes with large files of individual definition of work areas and other
• Loss of important filter functions such as " Extract" ( for cropping harder edges)

• Native support for 64-bit Mac OS X
• Improved and optimized selection tool
• Content Sensitive Fill
• Content Sensitive Healing
• Improved performance (setting the cache item size)
• Improved HDR functions
• Improved Camera RAW 6 ( better rendering engine, improved noise reduction, lens correction, effects)
• PuppetWarp ( Warp )
• Improved painting effects
• Integration of Mini Bridge and CS Live
• Improved 3D representation (shadows, lighting effects, better material representation )
• No substitute for the many lost in version CS4 features

• OpenCL support for faster preview function
• A content-based patching
• Mercury Graphics Engine
• New and improved design tools
• New Blur Gallery
• New Crop tool
• Intuitive creation of videos
• Migrating and Sharing specifications
• Adaptive Wide correction
• Save in the background
• Auto Recovery
• Improved auto correction
• Plug- in Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 7
• Hauttonabhängige selection and masking
• Innovative erodible drawing tools
• Script-based model
• A content-based Move
• Support for more cameras
• 10 -bit color depth
• Support for 3D LUTs
• Custom contours and dashed lines
• Airbrush tips

• Improvements of the new features of CS6
• Cloud functions
• Improvements for Web developers to replace the set Fireworks

Word Meaning

The term photo is hoppen ( such as create photo montages ) can translate, regardless of which program is used to ( Deonymisierung ) is a neologism, which can handle approximately with a picture. Adobe refuses to use the term, because thereby the brand Photoshop the company is legally undermine or loses its value. There is now also the name of Photoshop as a noun, which stands for the edited image. This meaning is often used pejoratively to refer to images that have been heavily reworked. " Computer Arts " is not widely naturalized and is correspondingly simpler word formation criteria understood as "Edit images with Photoshop ."

Others

In February 2013, Adobe has released the source code of Photoshop 1.0. He was provided on the website of the Computer History Museum and consists of 128,000 lines in 179 files. As both programming languages ​​Pascal and assembler served. The source code may be viewed freely, but can not be used commercially.

Since early 2012, Adobe Photoshop Touch offers under the name of an app for iOS and Android. Despite the similar name, it has limited functionality and has nothing to do in the core with the desktop version.