Adriaan de Groot

Adrianus Dingeman ( Adriaan ) de Groot ( born October 26, 1914 in Santpoort, a district of Velsen, The Netherlands, † 14 August, 2006 Schiermonnikoog ) was a Dutch psychologist and chess players. He is considered a pioneer of cognitive psychology and became particularly distinguished by its investigations into the thought processes in chess.

Life

At the University of Amsterdam taught de Groot from 1950 to 1965 as a professor of psychology and from 1965 to 1980 as a professor of social science methodology; from 1979 he worked as an associate professor at the University of Groningen.

In his youth he had achieved a strong amateur player in chess successes and was used in the Dutch team at the unofficial Chess Olympiad in Munich in 1936 and the Olympics in 1937 (Stockholm) and 1939 ( Buenos Aires ).

Scientifically known he was through his years of research series in the field of chess psychology. His doctoral thesis Het think van den Schaker, which was translated into English in 1965 ( Thought and choice in chess ), examined the cognitive requirements and thought processes of chess players of all categories. The participants had to solve most of his experiments under the supervision and at the same time commenting on their thought processes orally a chess problem.

One focus of the findings focused on understanding the processes during the first few seconds after looking at a new chess position. He differed in detail a relatively general " orientation phase " a " reconnaissance phase " in which concrete features are calculated for the first time, the " investigation " - or depression phase in which a plausible train ( candidate move ) is analyzed, and finally the " confirmation phase " in which the subject is insured by its correct choice of trains himself.

De Groot was consistent with his scientific predecessor Alfred Binet on the importance of visual memory and visual imagination for the chess playing strength. He also worked for the benefit of the memory power out on the basis of a great practical chess experience.

Works

  • Thought and choice in chess (1965 )
  • Saint Nicholas, A psychoanalytic study of his history and myth (1965 )
  • Methodology. Foundations of inference and research in the behavioral sciences (1969).
  • Perception and memory in chess: Heuristics of the professional eye ( 1996, together with Fernand Gobet and Riekent Jongman ).
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