Akhbari

The Achbārīya (Arabic اخبارية, DMG Aḫbārīya ) is the traditionalist teaching direction within the Twelver that of the Akhbar, the news about the twelve Imams, derives its name and a counter- flow to the justified by al- Hilli rationalist teaching direction of Usulis or Uṣūliyya represents. The representatives of the Achbariyya discard the iIdschtihād who own rational Urteilsbemühung, and want to recognize only the traditional words of the Koran, the Sunna of the Prophet and the traditions of the Imams authority. The school says " every lay faithful have the right to be a mujtahid directly address the sources of the tradition to clarify it important religious questions without accommodation. "

As the founder of Achbariyya applies Muhammad Amin al- Astarabadi (d. 1624), who lived his time in the holy places in Mecca and Medina. In the second half of the 17th century, the Achbariyya also received herrscherliche support in the Safavid Empire. Thus, the scholar Muhammad Baqir al Achbari - Majlisi was appointed in 1687 to Sheikh al -Islam of Isfahan, and received far reaching powers to enforce measures against religious dissenters. He became known primarily for his monumental encyclopedia Bihar al - Anwar, in their printed edition includes 110 volumes, in which he has the entire corpus of Shiite traditions rearranged.

The school was designed by the Shiite mujtahid from Persia Mohammad Baqir Wahid Behbehani (s) (approx. 1705-1791 ) and his students from the Usuli School ( uṣūliyya / rationalists / origin -weighted ) successfully fought of Shiite Islam. But until the 19th century, the school remained in Iran, Iraq, in parts of the Arabian Peninsula and India an influential branch of Shiite jurisprudence (fiqh ).

Today the Achbaris form only a small minority within the Twelver Shia, who are in a clear majority Usulis. The flow of Achbaris currently plays a major role only in Bahrain. Also in the area of Basra in southern Iraq, in India ( Hyderabad ) and elsewhere it is found.

The scholars of Islam and Shiism experts Heinz Halm According they are " the Shiite fundamentalists ' in the true sense of the word. "

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