Al-Nayrizi

To - Nairizi, completely أبو العباس الفضل بن حاتم النيريزي / Abū l - ʿ Abbās al -Fadl b. Hatim at - Nayrīzī, also al - Nayrizi, Latinized Anaritius, Nazirius, (c. 865 may in Nayriz in Iran; † around 922 possibly in Baghdad ) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and commentator of the first 10 books of Euclid's Elements.

About his life little is known. Nominally, he may have been born in Nayriz, a small town southeast of Shiraz. Since he the Caliph al - Mu'tadid bi- ' llah some of his works ( the 892-902 reigned ) devoted, he lived in Baghdad, which was also the cultural center probably later. The caliph and his successors were regarded as a promoter of culture.

In the Fihrist of Ibn an - Nadim, he is mentioned as an important astronomer and eight works attributed to him. The Egyptian astronomer Ibn Yunus (d. 1009) praised him as a good mathematician, but criticized him on some points as astronomers.

He edited the (second) translation of the elements into Arabic by al- Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ibn Matar from the 8th century with comment. His Euclid commentary was translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona, published by Maximilian Curtze 1899 at Teubner as supplement volume to Euclid edition of Heiberg and Heinrich amount. Curtze used while a manuscript in Krakow. There is also the not -preserved Arab text in a manuscript in Leiden (Codex Leidensis 399 ).

He also wrote comments to Claudius Ptolemy 's Almagest and Tetrabiblos that are not obtained, and two astronomical handbooks ( tables for calculating planetary positions ), also did not receive. Al -Biruni knew his Almagest commentary and one of the astronomical handbooks. One of the manuals should have been based on the Indian Sindhind, the smaller manual was based possibly on the Almagest. The Almagest commentary must have been one of the earliest Arabic Comments of the Almagest. He also wrote a book on the determination of the direction of Mecca ( equivalent to one of the tangent function construction, but already Habash al - Hasib al - Marwazi used ). Get a treatise on evidence of the parallel postulate of Euclid, in which he also represents a proof attempt of a mathematician named Aghanis, which is probably by Sabra at the Athens Agapius, philosopher and pupil of Proclus and Marinus, is. He came from what was then still known Euclid commentary by Simplicius. The proof of Aghanis was influential on later to prove the postulate Arab attempts. He also suggested previously to the proof attempt by al- Abbas ibn Said al - Thabit ibn Qurra Dschauhari and also knew him.

He also wrote a book about the astrolabe. Receive is also a treatise on the determination of the hour lines in a spherical sundial.

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