Albert Hardenberg
Albert Hardenberg, Albert Rizaeus (* 1510 in Hardenberg ( Overijssel), † May 18, 1574 in Emden ) was a Reformed theologian and reformer, inter alia, in Bremen and Emden.
Biography
Youth and Education
Hardenberg's impoverished parents handed over the 7 -year-olds the Brethren of the Common Life in Groningen. In 1527 he became a monk of the monastery of St. Bernard Aduard. The young monk was sent in 1530 to study in Leuven, in order to later succeed his abbot able. Even in the study of theology, he turned to the Protestant faith. After a short stay in Frankfurt, he fell ill on the onward journey to Italy, and therefore remained in Mainz, where he earned his doctorate in 1539.
In Louvain, Cologne, Wittenberg, Worms, Strasbourg, Basel and Zurich
In Frankfurt Hardenberg Johannes a Lasco had met. Him he joined closer. Along with it, he went to Louvain, where he became known for his eloquence a large audience. Because of its reformation friendly attitude but he was indicted. Thousands of citizens and students reached that the trial was held not in Brussels but in Leuven. The process was thus low, contrary to expectations. The judgment called for the burning of the books Hardenberg. He had to take the court costs and was expelled.
After a short stay in Aduard monastery he received the invitation to come to Cologne. Meanwhile, the reformatory spirit had grown stronger in him, and he traveled to Philipp Melanchthon Council to Wittenberg, where he arrived in 1543. With Melanchthon he remained friends. From Wittenberg he went in 1544 to the Archbishop Hermann von Wied, who entrusted him with the implementation of measures introduced by Martin Bucer and Melanchthon Reformation. He kept This work is so important that he turned down several appeals at this time.
Following the Diet of Worms of 1545 he stayed a long time in Strasbourg, Basel and Zurich. His service in Cologne stopped only when Hermann von Wied was forced to give up his office.
Chaplain in the North
As a chaplain with the troops of Count Christopher of Oldenburg, who was to liberate the besieged city of Imperial, Catholic troops Bremen, Hardenberg lived through the battle at Drake Castle, north of Nienburg / Weser, in which the Protestant army of the Smalcald League, the imperial troops of Duke Erich II of Calenberg defeated.
Preacher in Bremen
1547 Hardenberg was preacher at Bremen Cathedral on the recommendation of the Count of Oldenburg. In addition to two weekly sermons he had to hold a theological lecture.
With the pastors and provosts he had first a good relationship. But soon his Zwinglian doctrine of the Eucharist was found. This led to conflicts with the other, more orthodox Lutheran pastors in Bremen. The Social lower and middle class in Bremen were reinforced on the side of the humble folk and associated Reformed.
The dispute continued glowed as Melanchthon came in for his friend. A reputation to Emden he refused despite LASCO encouragement. Several times he appeared on behalf of the City of Bremen with church expert reports. The differences in opinion between the majority of the Lord's Supper Lutheran clergy city and him as the preacher came out stronger and finally triggered the Eucharistic controversy from Bremen. Hardenberg tried not to return his views more clearly.
1555 broke the dispute on again when Johann Timann advocated the doctrine of ubiquity. A debate between Hardenberg and he gave no clarification. The whole town took part in the dispute. Mediation efforts by the archbishop George of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1558 could not end the dispute. Mayor Daniel Buren of the Younger supported this important Reformed preacher in Bremen against a clear conservative council majority. From Buren Bremen Council called on the powers to decide on theological matters.
When King Christian III. intervened from Denmark and also the cities of Hamburg, Braunschweig and Lübeck demanded his removal and also Tilemann Heßhusen out against him, the Lower Saxony district council of Brunswick was established in February 1561 dealt with the clarification of this question, which decided on 8 February 1561 that Hardenberg was to be discharged within the next 14 days by the chapter to Bremen. Hardenberg presented on February 15, 1561 protest against it and left Bremen on 18 February 1561st
The cathedral remained closed until 1638.
In Rastede and Emden
Hardenberg was - again through efforts of the Count of Oldenburg - shelter in Rastede monastery.
1562 joined a reversal in favor of the Philippine matic direction that led over to the Reformed confession. Hardenberg, however, remained in Rastede monastery and then became a preacher in 1565 Sengwarden.
In 1567 he became the first preacher at Emden, where he worked until his death. He wrote several theological writings, but his work was characterized by his sermons more. He is buried in the great church in Emden.
Honors
- The Hardenbergstraße in Bremen -Neustadt district Buntentor, was named after him.
His library
Hardenberg acquired in the course of his life, a rich library, including works from the monastery library Arduard and from the possession of Francisco de Enzinas. This approximately 526 publications and 16 manuscripts comprehensive library is almost completely preserved only private academic libraries from the mid-16th century in north-western Germany and today forms a special collection of Johannes a Lasco Library in Emden. Among these are significant individual pieces: two books (of three existing in Emden ) from the library of Erasmus of Rotterdam, which arrived via the intermediate possession of John à Lasco, who had bought his collection to Hardenberg.
As of 1998, the volumes have been digitized in a DFG - project of the Library, in collaboration with the University of Emden / Leer. The aim of the project was to provide the materials online for research purposes in addition to protecting the originals and the creation of security copies.