Alcúdia

Alcúdia is a municipality on the Spanish Balearic island of Mallorca. The small town of the same name is the administrative seat of the municipality in the region ( comarca ) Raiguer.

The municipality has 20,163 inhabitants Alcúdia ( effective 1st January 2013) on an area of ​​59.89 km ². This corresponds to 337 inhabitants per km ². In 2006, the proportion of foreigners was 25.5 % ( 4128 ), the proportion of German population 3.1% ( 499). The official languages ​​are Catalan and Spanish ( Castilian). The spoken on the island Catalan dialect is called Mallorquí.

The name Alcúdia comes from the Arabic " Al- Qudya " and means "the hill ", which indicates the location of the historical city center, which lies on the saddle between the Bay of Pollença and Alcúdia Bay, which from each other by a flat mountain range are separated.

  • 3.1 Churches and monasteries 3.1.1 Església de Sant Jaume
  • 3.1.2 Sant Crist
  • 3.1.3 Oratory of Santa Anna
  • 3.1.4 Ermita de la Victòria
  • 3.2.1 Auditori d' Alcudia
  • 3.3.1 Museu de monogràfic POLLENTIA
  • 3.3.2 Fundació i Yannick Ben Jakober
  • 3.3.3 Museu de Sant Jaume parroquial
  • 3.5.1 Cova de Sant Martí
  • 3.6.1 S'Albufereta de Pollença
  • 4.1 Tourism
  • 4.2 Public bodies 4.2.1 Biblioteca Can Torró

Geography

Geographical Location

The municipality of Alcúdia is located 54 kilometers from the island 's capital, Palma de Mallorca, on the opposite north-east coast of the island. It forms the northeastern landscape Raiguer and consists (also called Victòria ) that separates the bays of Pollença and Alcúdia from the peninsula of Cap des Pinar, and a zone of the interior of the island, bordered by the towns of Pollença in the north and Sa Pobla and Muro south. The town of Alcúdia is located approximately in the center of the municipality, exactly between the two bays Badia de Pollença and Badia d' Alcúdia at the end of the peninsula. Your Port d' Alcúdia, today a tourist resort, located at the south of the city on the Bay of Alcudia. The coastline of the municipality measures a length of about 30 kilometers.

Community structure

The municipality of Alcúdia include the following locations:

  • Alcúdia (6328/6647 inhabitants)
  • Mal Pas - Bonaire ( 599/611 inhabitants)
  • Marina Manresa ( 595/596 inhabitants)
  • Platja d' Alcúdia (5306/5340 inhabitants)
  • Port d' Alcudia (4745/4772 inhabitants)
  • Son Fe (- / 361 inhabitants)

The inhabitants numbers in parentheses are from 1 January 2008. The first number indicates the inhabitants of the built-up areas where the second number the inhabitants of places including the addition to computing " scattered " population living outside the actual settlements. (Source: INE )

Natural space

The urbanized area of the city of Alcudia and the southern port of Port d' Alcúdia on the isthmus between the bays Badia de Pollença and Badia d' Alcúdia divides the municipality in two different natural areas. East of the peninsula rises on Victòria sa Talaia ( Talaia d' Alcúdia) up to a height of 444 meters above the sea level. Today's peninsula had been formed during the Quaternary as a rock island and is very rugged. Their partial inaccessibility resulted in only sparse settlement, so that the mountainous massif is still composed of oaks and pines.

West of the town of Alcúdia is a plane which consists of alluvial material of the sea that has a connection Victòria the peninsula with the rest of Mallorca made ​​over time. The north borders on Pollença s'Albufereta is still a low-lying wetland consisting albeit for fresh water. The flat land is used as arable land. The only exceptions are some surveys of the southern hills, such as the Puig de Sant Martí ( 247 meters ), Puig de sa Galera (123 meters) and Puig de Son Fè (268 meters).

Climate

Alcudia has a mild subtropical climate. The average temperature of the year is 16.8 ° C with average maximum temperatures of 20.5 ° C and lows of 13.4 ° C. For the different seasons amount to the average values ​​in spring 14.5 ° C, 23.5 ° C in summer, in autumn 18.6 ° C and 10.7 ° C in winter The mean water temperatures measured in the Bay of Alcudia, amount to 18.5 ° C, with maximum values ​​in August of 25.7 ° C and the lowest temperatures in February of up to 12.3 ° C.

The municipal area is largely protected by the mountain range of the Serra de Tramuntana north and west winds, predominantly are Northeast and east winds. Since many low-pressure areas have rain down to the Serra de Tramuntana, Alcúdia is available in only an average of 82 rainy days per year with an average rainfall of 536 l / m². In particular, the summer can be described as very dry.

History

Archaeological finds show that the area of the municipality of Alcúdia has been inhabited since 2000 BC. From time to 1300 BC, the so-called pre- Talaiotikum, artificial caves are known, the funeral purposes served as the Cova de la Murada near the medieval city walls of Alcudia or the two caves inside the spectator seating rows ( cavea ) of the Teatre Romà Pollentia. From talaiotischer time to 123 covers the period from 1300 BC BC, the Großsteinbauten Son Siurana de Dalt, Son Simó, Biniatria, Oriolet and sa Figuera Roja are partly preserved.

After the conquest of the island of Mallorca, such as the Balearics in the year 123 BC by the Roman consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus troops under Balearicus (also: Cecili Metel ) it came to 70 BC due to its strategic location on the founding of the city pollentia (Catalan Pol · lèntia ), immediately south of the present city walls of Alcudia. The city experienced a long flowering period as the capital of the Roman province and Maioricas Balearica until it was 426 AD sacked and destroyed by the Vandals. However pollentia should also afterwards, during the reign of the Vandals have been partially settled from 465 AD, and the Byzantines from 534 AD.

In the centuries 902-1229 the Moors and Arabs dominated the islands of the Balearics including Majorca. The city or municipal Pollentia no longer existed at that time. Instead, go to the design of today's Alcúdia as well as the city's name which translates "the hill " means to Muslim rule back. However, the place existed at the time of the Aragonese conquest of the island in 1229 by King James I of Aragon (Catalan Jaume I el Conqueridor ) only as estate, which ceded the king to a vassal called Rui Peris. To the estate Alcúdia, whose first mentioned under that name in a notarial protocol from 1282, a settlement in 1298 by King James II of Mallorca ( Jaume II de Mallorca) was formed soon after the parish and the center of a management area has been charged. In this time going back to the start of construction of the church (from 1302) and the old city wall ( 1298 ), which was completed in 1362 and the parts are still there, as the two city gates Porta de Sant Sebastià (also known as Porta de Mallorca) and Porta del Moll ( also Porta de Xara ).

In the following centuries Alcúdia was an important center of power in the north of Mallorca. Under King Charles I of Spain from the House of Habsburg, the future Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire, Alcúdia was appointed in 1523 with the privileges associated with the city. Still adorns the Habsburg double-headed eagle, the coat of arms. Due to the granting of town rights for Alcudia was the support of the king in the crackdown on the Revolta de les Germanies, an uprising of the urban guilds in alliance with the peasants against high taxes and the feudal lords. Starting from Valencia, the revolt was in 1521 extended to Mallorca, where the " Agermanados " ( guildsmen ) Joan Crespí, later the peasant leader Joanot Colom, ruled for two years under their leader in Palma. The nobles retreated among others in the fortified town of Alcúdia, where in 1522 an army supported the king when taking Palmas.

In the 16th century Alcúdia was repeatedly plagued by pirate raids, prompting the city walls were extended to 1660 by a second ring of walls in the Renaissance style. Subsequently, the city lost its economic importance, which was also reflected in the in the 18th and 19th centuries significantly declining population, also as a result of epidemics, including the plague, noticeable. Even the expansion of the port for international trade in 1779 could not prevent this. Significantly, in 1870 broke the old parish church from the 14th century together. It was rebuilt again until the year 1882 and got its current appearance until 1893.

The economic situation improved only with the beginnings of tourism in the 1930s and the construction of coal-fired power plant to supply power to Mallorca in the port of Alcudia in 1957, which still dominates the town from a distance with its silhouette of two tall chimneys. In the 1980s, the decommissioning of the old and the new construction of a more efficient coal-fired power plant outside the tourist zone was. It emerged at the end of a specially newly constructed ring road around the hotel areas around the harbor to the impasse by sa Pobla, a local Mallorcans reservation of residence in the middle of the vegetable-growing region just south of the resort of Albufera. For the old power plant of the reconstruction is planned as one of the most modern museums in Spain.

Culture and sights

Churches and monasteries

Església de Sant Jaume

Built in neo-Gothic style parish church ( Església Parish ) of Alcúdia is on the southwestern edge of the old town in a gap of the city wall. It was built in 1882-1893 after the previous building had collapsed from the 14th century in 1870. The church is dedicated to Saint James.

Sant Crist

In addition to the present parish church of Sant Jaume, the Chapel of the Miraculous Christ was preserved from the previous building. It was built in the years 1675-1697 in Renaissance style. The venerated statue of Jesus Christ there is a wooden figure from the period before 1507, the top of the main altar is Baroque.

Oratory of Santa Anna

The small Gothic church of St. Anne south of the city walls on the Carretera Cementiri is a building from the 13th century. There is a picture of Our Lady of cheerful message ( Verge de Bona Nova ) of the lobby. The low nave is supported by three separator sheets that divide the interior into four segments.

Ermita de la Victòria

The hermitage of Mare de Deu de la Victòria ( of Our Lady of Victory) dates from the 13th century. In 1697, the small church was built with three -partition ship and arched vaults in the Baroque style. The carved figure of the Mare de Deu dates from the 15th century, the great altar, like the Church, from the Baroque period. Beginning of the 18th century the church was restored. The Hermitage is a place of pilgrimage on 2 July each year.

Theaters and Houses of Culture

Auditori d' Alcudia

Inaugurated on July 8, 2000 Cultural Center ( Auditorium) provides facilities for concerts, theater, exhibitions, celebrations and conferences. It has a hall for 496 people and a smaller room for up to 50 people. The Auditori d' Alcudia is located on Plaça de la Porta de Mallorca, close to the city wall.

Museums

Museu de monogràfic POLLENTIA

In 1987 in the former hospital of the city L' Hospitalet furnished from the 16th century Monographic Museum of POLLENTIA shows mainly finds from excavations of the ancient Roman city of Pollentia. It is located in the city center of Alcudia on the street Carrer Sant Jaume 30 Shown are grave goods, pottery and bronze vessels of different eras, jars, amphorae, coins, tablets of stone, marble work and mosaics. From the Consortium de la Ciutat de Romana POLLENTIA group tours are offered both by the museum as well as the south of the Old Town of Alcúdia surrounding archeological.

Fundació i Yannick Ben Jakober

Housed in a former water reservoir in the Finca sa Bassa Blanca collection of children's portraits from the 16th to the 19th century shows the open air sculptures of the artist Ben Jakober and Yannick Vu.

Museu de Sant Jaume parroquial

The small museum of the parish church of Sant Jaume at Plaça Jaume Ques provides among other sacred robes of the history of the parish community.

Structures

  • Archaeological excavations of the Roman city of Pollentia
  • Historic city center
  • Medieval city walls and Renaissance city walls
  • Still Laid coal power plant

Cova de Sant Martí

The cave of Sant Martí is a natural rock cave at the southern foot of the 247 meter high Puig de Sant Martí. It was used in early Christian times as a place of worship. After the conquest of Mallorca by the Crown of Aragon two chapels originated in the main part of the cave in the 13th and 14th century in the Gothic style, Sant Martí and Sant Jordi, which can be reached via a staircase carved into the rock.

Natural monuments and nature parks

S'Albufereta de Pollença

Known as the ' small Albufera " designated 211,42 acre wetland s'Albufereta de Pollença is situated on the northern boundary of the municipality of Alcudia to Pollensa. It is since 2002 the nature reserve ( Reserva Especial de s'Albufereta natural ) and offers its many small channels, which are connected by it gray with the sea, many species of birds breeding grounds. The largest part of the reserve is privately owned.

Beaches and bays of the municipal area

  • Platja de Can Cap de Bou
  • Platja sa Marina d'Alcúdia
  • There Corral d'en Bennàssar
  • Platja des Barcarès
  • Platja des Morer Vermell
  • Platja de Sant Pere
  • S'Illot
  • Ses Caletes
  • Cala Solana
  • Sat Platjola
  • Cala des Clot
  • Platja des Coll Baix
  • Platja des Secs ( it Faralló )
  • Platja d' Alcanada
  • Cala Poncet
  • Platja d' Alcúdia ( Platja Gran )

Markets

Market days the town of Alcudia in the old quarter streets Carrer Major, minor and Passeig Carrer Mare de Deu de la Victòria and Passeig Pere Ventayol are every Tuesday and Sunday.

Festivals

  • Aniversari de sarau Alcudienc - feast on the second Sunday in May
  • Festival de Sant Pere - celebration of the patron saint of fishermen Sant Pere on June 29
  • Mare de Deu de la Victòria - Pilgrimage on 2 July of the year of the town of Alcúdia to the Ermita de la Victòria with local celebrations
  • Festival de Sant Jaume - The main festival of Alcudia on 25 July is celebrated in honor of the patron saint of the city. Every three years (last time 2007) there will be a procession with the Crucifix of the parish church on July 26.
  • Sa Fira - fair on a weekend in late September / early October each year

Economy and infrastructure

Tourism

The tourism boom began as around the island in the 1960s. Since then, Alcúdia has important commercial and tourism center of Mallorca. 2003, Alcúdia roughly around 29,500 hotel beds at just under 15,000 inhabitants.

For tourists Alcúdia offers many possibilities:

  • The sandy beach stretches for about 25 km along the Bay of Alcudia.
  • The nearby mountains offer opportunities for hiking and mountain biking, but also for cycling in the expansive level.
  • All water sports - the bay of Alcudia is a popular sailing area.
  • A yacht harbor ( Marina) can accommodate several hundred pleasure boats.

Public institutions

Biblioteca Can Torró

Set in a manor house dating from the 14th century opened in 1990 in the library Carrer d'en Serra is considered the most advanced in the Balearic Islands. It was built on the model of the public library Gütersloh by Bertelsmann Foundation and the Municipality of Alcúdia. The structure and operation of the model library promoted the Bertelsmann Foundation with more than one million euros.

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Luis Puig (1915-1990), president of the Union Cycliste Internationale

Documents

  • " Alcúdia " information booklet about the city and community, edited by Alcúdia Municipi Ecoturistic
  • Ajuntamento d' Alcúdia - community website Alcúdia
  • " POLLENTIA " Ayuntamiento d' Alcùdia
  • " Alcudia / Pollensa ", map with guides 1:50.000, Publishing Triangle postals
  • Heather Wetzel -inch man, Wolfgang Wetzel: Mallorca. A journey through the history of 6000jährige Mediterranean island. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau, among other things, 1991, ISBN 3-451-22311-2.
List of postal codes in Spain Palma, Majorca Muro, Majorca Pinus halepensis Arab people James II of Majorca Gothic art Saint Anne Hectare Algaida Ariany, Majorca Banyalbufar Binissalem Campanet Campos, Majorca Capdepera Consell Costitx Escorca Esporles Estellencs Felanitx Fornalutx Lloret de Vistalegre Lloseta Manacor Mancor de la Vall Maria de la Salut Petra, Majorca Porreres Puigpunyent Ses Salines Sant Joan Selva, Majorca Sencelles Sineu Vilafranca de Bonany
44620
de