Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov
Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov (Russian Александр Павлович Виноградов; * 9 Augustjul / August 21 1895greg in Petrezowo at Tutajew, .. † November 16, 1975 in Moscow) was a Russian geochemist and Vice- President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Life
In 1924, he finished his education at the Military Medical Academy and at the Faculty of Chemistry of the University of Leningrad. He was a pupil and closest associate of Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky. From 1928 on, he began working as a research assistant professor in the Laboratory for biogeochemical problems of the Academy of Sciences ( Academy of Sciences ) of the USSR.
1935 the author was awarded without defending a dissertation of Doctor of chemical sciences. Since September 30, 1943 he was a corresponding and, since October 13, 1953 Full Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. After the death of Vernadsky he took over in 1945 the management of the laboratory for biogeochemical problems. For this laboratory, the Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry went " WI Vernadsky " out.
From 1953, he headed the Department of Geochemistry at the Moscow State University. In 1963 he was elected secretary of the Academic of Earth Sciences and in 1967 on May 17 until his death, Vice President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Work
He authored more than 400 extensive work on the further development of a full set of Sciences about the Earth. He generalized the extensive material about the content and the distribution of chemical elements in rocks and soils as well as on the chemical composition of the organisms and photosynthesis.
He laid the foundations for the use of the isotope content of the chemical elements to the absolute age determination of rocks and to elucidate the formation of mineral deposits. Vinogradov formulated a hypothesis about the origin of the earth. Furthermore, he developed a new idea about the training of the evolution of Erdhüllen ( 1) and on the geochemistry of the oceans. In the investigation of the Tunguska body (2) he pointed to with other anomalies.
With his name are multiple studies on the erzbildenen processes in the deep zones of the world and studies of the chemistry of the moon, Venus and Mars, ie, the emergence of a new scientific discipline, the cosmos chemistry, together. He made major contributions to the control of nuclear energy, the development of new directions of radiochemistry, the chemistry and technology of high-purity and rare elements.
Honors
Vinogradov was twice the Hero of Socialist Labor, winner of the Lenin Prize, several times winner of the State Prize, six-time winner of the Order of Lenin, two-time winner of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, winner of the Golden Vernadsky Medal in 1965, the carrier of the golden Lomonosov Medal in 1973, Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and honorary president of the International Association of Geochemistry and Kosmos chemistry.
Four years after his death, the location on the Earth's moon mountain Mons Vinogradov was named after him in his honor.