Alexandre Koyré

Alexandre Koyré (Russian: Александр Владимирович Койранский; born August 29, 1892 in Taganrog on the Azov Sea, Russia, † April 28, 1964 in Paris, Alexander Vladimirovich actually Koiranskij ) was a French philosopher and historian of science.

Life

Koyré was a Russian Jewish descent. His father was a wealthy merchant and oil investor. In Rostov -on-Don, and later in Tbilisi, he received a classical humanist education, making him ancient Greek, classical and medieval Latin were familiar. At sixteen he went in 1908 to Göttingen to study mathematics and philosophy. Among his teachers were there, Edmund Husserl, and David Hilbert. In 1911 he went to the Sorbonne in Paris, where he attended lectures by Henri Bergson, Victor Delbos ( 1862-1916 ), André Lalande ( 1867-1963 ) and Léon Brunschvicg, including a thesis began.

While still a Russian citizen he took in 1914 at the First World War, in part, first in the French army, until it collapsed after two years in a Russian regiment of volunteers on the southwest front after the October Revolution. He returned in 1919 to Paris, where he married Doris Rèybermann, who came from a family of emigrants from Odessa.

In 1922, he earned doing a study on the idea of ​​God in Descartes a diploma from the École Pratique des Hautes Études, and thus also the instructor rating at this university. In 1923, he completed his thesis on the idea of ​​God in Anselm of Canterbury and was awarded his doctorate from the Sorbonne. In 1929 he habilitated with a large study of Jacob Boehme. Through the study of the mystical philosophy Koyré succeeded to an accurate knowledge of the history of astronomy. In 1934 he published the first annotated translation of his main work of Nicolaus Copernicus into French. From the mid- 1930s, Koyré turned away and the history of science under the influence of Émile Meyerson of theological studies.

In the 30s he was a colleague of Alexandre Kojève, who sometimes represented him in his Hegel lectures. 1940 appeared the methodologically significant Études galiléennes. Koyré she had written during a teaching assignment in Cairo, from where he emigrated in 1941 to New York. There he was a co-founder of the École Libre des Hautes Études. He then taught more often in the U.S. (including Harvard, Yale, Chicago) and in 1956 a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. In 1958 he founded the Centre de Recherches d' histoire des sciences et des techniques in Paris (now the Centre A. Koyré ).

Koyré 1961 was awarded the George Sarton Medal, an award for the History of Science, founded by George Sarton and Lawrence Joseph Henderson History of Science Society ( HSS). He worked with I. Bernard Cohen at a critical edition of Newton's Principia, which appeared in 1972.

Effect

Thomas S. Kuhn calls Koyrés writings as important in the genesis of his major work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

Works

  • Comments on Zeno paradoxes. In: Yearbook of Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Vol 5, 1922, ZDB - ID 217924-6, pp. 603-628.
  • Essai sur l' idée de Dieu et les preuves de son existence chez Descartes ( = Bibliothèque de l' École des Hautes Études. Religieuses Section des Sciences. Vol. 33, ZDB - ID 773725-7 ). Leroux, Paris 1922 ( in German language. Descartes and scholasticism Cohen, Bonn 1923).
  • L' idée de Dieu dans la philosophie de saint Anselme, Paris 1923 (Paris, Université de Paris, de Doctorat thesis, 1921).
  • La philosophie de Jacob Boehme. Études sur les origines de la Métaphysique allemande. Vrin, Paris 1929.
  • La philosophie et le problème de Russie au début du nationally XIXe siècle ( = Bibliothèque de l' Institut Français de Léningrad. Vol. 10, ZDB - ID 769988-8 ). Champion, Paris 1929.
  • Études galiléennes. 3 volumes. Hermann, Paris 1939; Band. 1: A l' Aube de la Science Classique ( = Histoire de la pensée Vol 1, ZDB - ID 2204332-9 = Actualités Scientifiques et Industrial 852 Vol. . );
  • Volume 2: La Loi de la Chute des corps. Descartes et Galilée ( = Histoire de la pensée Vol 2 = Actualités Scientifiques et Industrial 853 Vol. . );
  • Volume 3: Galilée et la Loi d' inertia ( = Histoire de la pensée Vol 3 = Actualités Scientifiques et Industrial 854 Vol. . ).
Sea of Azov France Princeton (New Jersey) Christoph Scriba Integrated Authority File
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