Alisma

Common plantain (Alisma plantago- aquatica )

(Alisma ) are a genus within the family of plantain plants ( Alismataceae ). The approximately eleven species occur in wetlands of the temperate to subtropical zones.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Alisma species grow as perennial herbaceous plants. As outlasting tubers or rhizomes are usually formed. This marsh and aquatic plants can completely grow ashore until submerged. The aboveground plant parts are bare.

There may be air leaves, flooding or water submerged leaves. The leaves are always in a basal rosette. The air leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The relatively long petiole having a triangular cross-section. The simple leaf blade is entire, linear to ovate with narrowed to rounded Spreitenbasis and blunt to acute upper end.

Inflorescences and flowers

Terminally on an upright, long, non- leafing inflorescence stem are Rispige or rare doldige total inflorescences with farmers then branches that usually each have a support sheet, a branch of the second order. The inflorescences are usually emersed. The bare and smooth bracts are lanceolate with sharpened top end. The bracts are shorter than the ascending pedicels.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The base of the flower ( Rezeptakel ) is flat. The sepals are usually smaller than petals. The three green sepals are herbaceous and erect. The three white to dark pink petals are entire. There are two circles exist, each with three stamens. The thread-like stamens are bald. In a circle, many ( 15 to 20) free carpels are arranged. Each carpel contains only one ovule. The stylus is located on the side of the carpel.

Fruits

The flower is a multiple fruit develops with standing in a circle many achenes. The single-seeded achenes are flattened laterally and usually beaked on the dorsal side and have on the ventral side of one or two grooves.

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome number is x = 7

System

The genus Alisma was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 342-343. The name Alisma has already been used in Ancient Greece and Linnaeus took him by Dioscorides. As Lectotypusart 1909 Alisma plantago- aquatica L. by John Kunkel Small in North American Flora, Volume was 17, page 43 set.

There are about eleven Alisma species:

• Alisma × bjoerkqvistii Tzvelev: It is a natural hybrid of Alisma Alisma plantago- aquatica and gramineum that occurs from eastern Europe to Siberia.
• Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun & CDBouché ( Syn: Alisma plantago- aquatica var canaliculatum ( A.Braun & CDBouché ) Miyabe & Kudo, var Alisma canaliculatum harimense Makino, Alisma rariflorum Sam, Alisma canaliculatum var azuminoense & Kadono. Hamashima ): It is widely used in India, Korea, China, Taiwan and Japan (including the Ryukyu Islands).
• Grasblättriger (Alisma gramineum Lej, Syn: .. .. Alisma plantago- aquatica var angustissimum DC, Alisma plantago- aquatica var graminifolium Wahlenb, Alisma loeselii Gorski, Alisma geyeri Torr, Alisma plantago- aquatica var pumilum Nolte ex Sond. , Alisma graminifolium ( Wahlenb. ) Ehrh. Ledeb ex. , Alisma arcuatum Michalet, Alisma plantago- aquatica f aestuosum Bolle, Alisma plantago- aquatica var arcuatum ( Michalet ) Buchenau, Alisma plantago- aquatica var micropetalum Celak. , Alisma plantago- aquatica subsp. arcuatum ( Michalet ) Nyman, Alisma plantago- aquatica var decumbens Boiss., Alisma arcuatum var graminifolium ( Wahlenb. ) Casp. , Alisma arcuatum var pumilum Prahl, Alisma validum Greene, Alisma plantago- aquatica f angustissimum ( DC.) Asch. & Graebn. , Alisma plantago- aquatica f lanceolatum Buchenau, Alisma plantago- aquatica f micropetalum ( Celak. ) Buchenau, Alisma graminifolium f angustissimum ( DC.) luck, Alisma graminifolium f pumilum ( Nolte ex Sond. ) luck, Alisma graminifolium f terrestre luck, Alisma arcuatum var angustissimum ( DC.) Lunell, Alisma lanceolatum var arcuatum ( Buchenau ) Lunell, Alisma plantago- aquatica subsp. graminifolium ( Wahlenb. ) Hegi, Alisma plantago- aquatica var terrestre (happiness ) Hegi, Alisma geyeri var angustissimum Lunell, Alisma geyeri var giganteum Lunell, Alisma geyeri var pumilum ( Prahl ) Lunell, Alisma gramineum var geyeri (Torr. ) Sam. , Alisma loeselii Gorski ex Juzep. , Alisma graminifolium f semimersum luck in A.Pascher, Alisma graminifolium f strictum luck in A.Pascher, Alisma graminifolium f submersum luck in A.Pascher, Alisma gramineum f arcuatum ( Michalet ) Tournay & Lawalrée, Alisma gramineum var angustissimum ( DC.) Hendricks, Alisma gramineum var graminifolium ( Wahlenb. ) Hendricks, Alisma gramineum f aestuosum ( Bolle ) Soó ): It is widespread in the northern hemisphere.
• Alisma × juzepczukii Tzvelev: It is a natural hybrid of Alisma × bjoerkqvistii and Alisma plantago - aquatica, which is found in Eastern Europe.
• Lanzettblättriger (Alisma lanceolatum With, Syn. Alisma plantago- aquatica var lanceolatum ( With. ) Lej, Alisma plantago- aquatica var stenophyllum Asch & Graebn, Alisma plantago- aquatica f stenophyllum ( Asch. & Graebn. .. , . ) Buchenau Alisma plantago- aquatica f aquaticum luck, Alisma plantago- aquatica f terrestris luck, Alisma subcordatum var stenophyllum ( Asch. & Graebn. ) Lunell, Alisma stenophyllum Sam. , Alisma plantago- aquatica f pumilum luck in A.Pascher ): It is widespread in Eurasia, North Africa and Australia.
• Alisma nanum DFCui: It comes only in swamps at altitudes of about 600 meters in Xinjiang.
• Common plantain (Alisma plantago- aquatica L.): It is widespread in the northern hemisphere and Australia.
• Alisma × rhicnocarpum the Scotsman: There is a natural hybrid of Alisma lanceolatum Alisma plantago - aquatica and that is found in Europe.
• Round-leaved plantain (Alisma subcordatum Raf, Syn. Alisma plantago- aquatica subsp subcordatum ( Raf. ) Hultén, Alisma parviflorum Pursh, Alisma plantago- aquatica var parviflorum ( Pursh ) Torr nom illeg, Alisma montanum Raf.. .. . )
• Alisma trivial Pursh ( Syn: .. .. . Alisma plantago- aquatica var trivial ( Pursh ) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb, Alisma roseum Raf nom nud, Alisma odoratum Raf, Alisma plantago- aquatica var americanum Schult & Schult.. f, Alisma brevipes Greene, Alisma superbum Lunell, Alisma superbum var angustissimum Lunell, Alisma lanceolatum var superbum Lunell, Alisma subcordatum var superbum ( Lunell ) Lunell, Alisma plantago- aquatica subsp. brevipes (Greene) Sam. , Alisma plantago - aquatica var brevipes (Greene) Vict ). the range extends from Canada to the United States to northern Mexico.
• Alisma wahlenbergii ( Holmb. ) Juz. ( Syn: .. Alisma gramineum subsp wahlenbergii Holmb, Alisma graminifolium f submersum luck in A.Pascher, Alisma graminifolium var wahlenbergii ( Holmb. ) luck in A.Pascher, Alisma gramineum var wahlenbergii ( Holmb. ) Raymond & Kucyn. ): It occurs only along the Baltic Sea and adjacent lakes. It is considered "endangered " = " critically endangered " in Sweden ( Red List 2005), "vulnerable " = "at risk" in Finland ( Red List 2000) and "endangered " = " critically endangered " in the Leningrad region ( Red List 2000 ) rated.

Use

The Common plantain (Alisma plantago- aquatica ) is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. It is hardy in Central Europe.

Swell

• Qingfeng Wang, Robert R. Haynes & C. Barre Hellquist: Alismataceae In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 23 - Acoraceae through Cyperaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden. Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010 ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3: Alisma, pp. 87 - Registered as text printed work. ( Section systematics and description)
• Robert R. Haynes & C. Barre Hellquist: Alismataceae In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 22 - Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae ( in part), and Zingiberidae, Oxford University Press, New York and others, 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9. Alisma - text the same online as printed work. ( Section systematics and description)
• SWL Jacobs: Entry to New South Wales Flora Online.