Alt-Berlin
Old Berlin called Berlin origin city, which has grown in the middle ages with the neighboring city Coelln to a double city. From this double Berlin - Coelln the Berlin of today developed, they formed the core of the historical center of the city.
Location
The area of the historic Old Berlin is located between the Spree and the brick viaduct of the rail, which was built in the 1880s on the history of the former city wall. The adjacent historic neighborhoods are Coelln and New Coelln the water on the opposite bank of the Spree and the three historic suburbs Alt- Berlin, Spandau suburb, the royal city, and Stralauer suburb.
History
→ Main article: History of Berlin
The name Berlin is probably due to the old Slavic name for berl, swamp ' back. From the Lower Sorbs around Cottbus and Berlin Lubben is still known Barlin.
The city, located on the Spree Island Coelln was first documented in 1237, in 1244 was followed by the mention of Berlin, which was located on the north bank of the River Spree. The two cities were in 1307 a joint magistrate and in 1309 a joint town hall on the Long Bridge (now the Town Hall Bridge ). In 1442 the joint municipality of Berlin and Kolln by Elector Frederick II was canceled. The five cities of Berlin, Coelln, Friedrichswerder, Dorothee, and Friedrichstadt were finally united in 1710 to the Royal residence and capital city of Berlin.
In the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920 Old Berlin was incorporated into the newly formed district center. After suffering heavy damage during World War II Old Berlin was completely remodeled and was taking full responsibility of the historic town plan and after the demolition of the remaining buildings in the 1960s and 1970s, a completely new look. In addition to multi-storey residential and commercial buildings of the Berlin Television Tower was built. In the 1980s, the reconstructed in partially historicizing design Nikolai Quarter was added.
In the Middle Ages Old Berlin had about 2,600 inhabitants. The population rose to 18,300 in 1747 and 35,000 in 1834. 10,844 residents still were found when the census of 1910.
In today's understanding of urban planning Alt- Berlin is known ( for example, in the borders of 1710) as the " Historic center ", but without the southern Friedrichstadt, but with the Brandenburg Gate.
Historic Neighborhoods
- Nikolai Quarter (as of 1230) first settlement with the rebuilt St. Nicholas Church
- Abbey District ( from 1260 ) with the whey market and the ruins of the monastery church
- Marie -quarters ( from 1270) with the Marienkirche preserved at the television tower
- Holy Ghost Quarter (as of 1270) with the Holy Spirit Hospital and the surviving Heilig-Geist -Kapelle
Cityscape
In addition to the Red Town Hall and the Church of St. Mary remembers where dominated by the Berlin TV tower central area of Berlin Alt- nothing more in mind that you are in the historic city center. The up to the Second World War, closely built-up urban space between the Spandau road and the rail is now designed as a long-range pedestrian area with individual groups of trees, flowerbeds, a fountain system at the base of the TV tower and the again established Fountain of Neptune. West of Spandau street close to the park-like Marx- Engels-Forum and the Nikolai Quarter with the Nikolai Church. Otherwise, the terrain is largely influenced by vielgeschossige residential and commercial buildings in the functional architecture of the 1960s, to which other new buildings were added after 1990. At the margins of individual historic buildings, such as the Landgericht Berlin, the Old Town House on whey market, the Holy Spirit Chapel, the ruins of the Franciscan church and the baroque parish church are preserved as isolated solitary. In Littenstrasse is still a remnant of the ancient city wall preserved.
Plans and updates
The scheme developed by the former City Planning Director Hans Stim man on behalf of the Senate Department for Urban Development Plan works downtown looks under the premise of " The city as a place of residence " the restoration of parts of the inner city structure before. In particular, the streets and squares are to be experienced again and connect the cut- through traffic lanes of the 1960s new urban spaces. In Old Berlin in the whey market is to be enclosed by an adjacent building again. For this, the road layout to be changed and narrowed by a denser development. In particular, the transportation planning and the new buildings before the date platzdominierendem Old Town House are controversial. The planned tram to establish the connection between Leipziger Straße and Spandau road.