Altai language

Spoken in

  • Altaic languages ​​( disputed) Turkic languages Siberian Turkic languages Altaic

-

  • Does ( other Altaic languages)
  • Old (South)
  • Atv (North)
  • Old (South)

The nordaltaische and südaltaische language belonging to the Siberian branch of the Turkic languages ​​and are spoken by various indigenous peoples of Siberia, mainly in the Republic of Altai. Until 1948 was the official name of the language Oyrot.

  • 6.1 pronouns

Distribution area

The range of this language are the mountain ranges of the Altai Mountains and Kemerovo in eastern Siberia. The northern dialects (North- Altaic ) have very strong links with the Kyrgyz, the southern (south- Altaic ), however, the Uighur.

Together with Russian Altai is the official language of the Republic of Altai. The official language is based on a southern dialect, was originally spoken by the Altay Kizi, but was gradually taken over in the other parts of the Republic.

Numbers of speakers and dialects

Among the ethnic groups who speak varieties of Altai, Altai include, Telengiten, Teleuts, Tubalaren, Kumandiner, and Tschelkanen ( Live Diner ). Although they are considered a traditional language, there are strong understanding between speakers of Südaltaischen and the northern varieties.

Baskakov (1958 ) distinguishes the following dialects

  • Southern Altai Hochaltaisch Mayma
  • Tölös
  • Chuy
  • Tuba
  • Kumandy Turachak
  • Solton
  • Starobardinian

As a close relative of the northern varieties are Schorisch and Tschulim - Tatar, both of which take the inter - vocal * d a -j - use, whereas Mras Shor and Mittelchassidisch are a -z, and generally use the Chakassidischen similar.

Classification

Due to the geographical isolation in the Altai Mountains and the fuzzy separation from the environment the classification of the Altaic languages ​​in the Turkic languages ​​is still controversial. The geographical proximity to the Shors and Khakassia sets a classification close as subgroup of the North Turkic.

However, certain similarities with the Kyrgyz language also allow an assignment to the Kipchak languages. In a recent classification Talat Tekin Südaltaisch even considered as a separate subgroup within the Turkic languages ​​, while enqueues the North Altaic dialects in a group with Tschulim - Tatar and the Kondoma dialect of Shor.

Font

Independent written language is Altaic only since 1845 with a modernized Cyrillic alphabet. In 1928, the unified Turkish alphabet was introduced, which, however, was again replaced in 1938 by a modified Cyrillic characters and is used to this day.

In 1938, the regular 33 letters of the Cyrillic alphabet four more added to reflect the Altaic language correctly: Јј, Ҥҥ, Ӧӧ, Ӱӱ.

Pronunciation

As for the classification, the pronunciation does not represent uniform. Since the dialects differ greatly from one another, this representation refers to the official language of the Republic of Altai.

Consonants

The voiced palatal plosive / ɟ / is - used in every dialect different - especially in the initial position. Even within the same dialect find strong variations. An example of the differences between dialects is the word "no " јок: [ coq ] ( Kuu dialect ) and [ JOQ ] ( Kumandi ).

Vowels

The Altaic eight different vowels can be pronounced each long or short.

Morphology and Syntax

Pronoun

The Altaic knows in principle six personal pronouns:

The pronoun used differ greatly depending on the dialect. An example is the use in Qumandin dialect.

Language family Kumandins Shor language Bilabial consonant Dental consonant Alveolar consonant Palatal consonant Velar consonant Fricative consonant Flap consonant Approximant consonant Voiced palatal stop Moscow Integrated Authority File
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