Alternative school

An alternative school is a school that is in contrast to the mainstream school has an alternative educational approach and wants to organize learning differently than usual.

School concepts of reform and alternative education

Alternative schools have been founded in the early 1970s by parent initiatives, in close connection to the preceding movement of the anti-authoritarian education and their children's day care. Educationally they usually close to the concepts of progressive education in the early 20th century. Similar schools were built about the same time in many other parts of the world, and are referred to internationally as free skool movement.

On the Development of the educational reform alternative schools:

• Emile or on Education - Jean- Jacques Rousseau ( 1762)
• Education Institute in Burgdorf Castle - Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1800), and his pedagogical works How Gertrude teaches her children
• Yasnaya Polyana, the, free school for peasant children ' - Leo Tolstoy, Russia (1855 to the 1920s ), influenced by Rousseau
• Escuela Moderna - Francisco Ferrer ( 1901)
• Casa dei Bambini - Maria Montessori (1907 ), first German Montessori school in 1923 in Jena
• Waldorf schools by Rudolf Steiner ( first school in 1919 in Stuttgart)
• Summerhill - AS Neill's educational reform school in England (est. 1921)
• The Naturiste reform pedagogical light Schulheim Lüneburg country in Lüneburg ( 1927-1933 )
• Preshil, Melbourne - in the tradition of Neill ( 1930 )
• Kilquhanity School, Kirkpatrick Durham in Galloway - John and Morag Aitkenhead (1940-1997)
• Kirkdale School, London - in the tradition Niells (1964 - 1980s )
• First Street School in New York - George Dennison / Mabel Chrystie, USA ( 60 years)
• Paideia (, School of anarchy ') in Spain ( 60 years)
• Centro Experimental Pestalozzi ( Pesta ) in Tumbaco, Ecuador - Mauricio and Rebeca Wild ( 1977-2005 )

Germany

In the German-speaking area of ​​the outdoor alternative schools are meant in the strict sense, of which the most in BFAS - Federal Association of Liberal alternative schools have joined together (D). First free school means only private school ( = non-governmental ) ownership, but it swings the particular importance of self-directed learning and self- organization. So many rules of children, adolescents and adults are held equal. The Laboratory School and the senior college in Bielefeld similar to alternative schools, although in many ways, but are usually not count as state -ups. Some alternative schools are:

• School for Adult Education in Berlin
• Free Comenius school in Darmstadt
• Freie Schule Frankfurt in Frankfurt / Sachsenhausen
• Democratic school caper in Freiburg
• Glocksee in Hanover
• Free School Heckenbeck
• Free Active School in Karlsruhe
• Free Marburg with daycare
• Free School Blessed City
• Free School Untertaunus in Aarbergen chain Bach

Austria

In Austria there are about 70 educational reform schools and kindergartens, primary Waldorf schools, Montessori schools, Pestalozzi schools and learning workshops for game. Free alternative schools (which include learning workshops as well as some Montessori schools belong ) have on the network - federal umbrella organization for self-paced learning organized.

These schools are anchored in the Austrian education system as a statute school.