Amderma

Amderma (Russian Амдерма ) is a settlement in the Nenets autonomous district of the north- east of the European part of Russia. The village has 541 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).

Geography

Amderma is on the north side of the Jugorhalbinsel ( Jugorski Peninsula ) on the coast of the Kara Sea, about 40 kilometers east of the Jugorstraße ( Jugorski band ), a strait that separates the mainland from the island Waigatsch. From the capital of the Autonomous Okrug Naryan -Mar, the place is just over 400 kilometers in a straight line in a northeasterly direction away from the city of Vorkuta in the neighboring Republic of Komi about 270 kilometers to the northwest. At the village of the same river flows Amderma first in an equally named Lagoon and then into the sea.

Amderma part of the single Raion of the Autonomous Okrug, rajon the Sapoljarny.

The place is located above the Arctic Circle: The polar day lasts there from 20 May until July 30 the polar night from 27 November to 16 January.

History

The settlement was founded in July 1933 in connection with the development of a fluorspar deposit discovered there in 1932, the Soviet Union secured the independence of imports of this raw material. The town's name was derived from that of the river and the lagoon; he means about mooring of walruses in the Nenets language. 1936 the location of the status of an urban-type settlement was awarded.

After the German -Soviet War and the discovery of other, cheaper situated Flussspatvorkommen the mine was closed, and Amderma evolved as one of the logistical bases of the development of the Soviet Arctic. From 1940 it was also the administrative seat of a Rajons same until the Rajonaufteilung of the Autonomous Okrug in 1959 abandoned.

In the 1980s, the Flussspatförderung was taken up again briefly considered the promotion of construction materials (gravel ) in the 1990s. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, however, the entire mining was abandoned due Inrentabilität, due to the location of the place at a great distance from potential consumers and in harsh climatic conditions. 1993, stationed in Amderma troops of air defense were withdrawn in 1995 joined a company based in the village of laboratory for the study of permafrost, 1998, the supply base for the shipping on the Northern Sea Route ( Torgmortrans ), 2000, the local Construction ( Amdermastroi ). As a result of this development, the population of the village between 1989 and 2002 fell by almost 90 %, and has since slowly.

2009 was withdrawn as part of an administrative reform of the urban-type settlement status; Amderma has since rural settlement. A vision for the site is seen in the development of untapped oil and gas resources of the northern part of the Timan - Pechora region.

Demographics

Note: Census data

Economy and infrastructure

After Amderma there is no fixed connection to the land. The marina is under way in the summer navigation period of supply vessels; only in the period of frost the site of Vorkuta out where the nearest railway station is located, with off- track vehicles (Russian wesdechod ) can be achieved.

Immediately west of the village is located on the Spit, which terminates the Amderma lagoon to the open sea, an airport ( IATA code AMV, ICAO code ULDD ) with a 2600 -meter-long airstrip, which is also suitable for larger aircraft types. He is now, however, served only scheduled twice a month by Nordavia of Arkhangelsk from.

A previously designated by the military code name Amderma -2 airport is not in Amderma, but in the settlement Beluschja Guba, the direction is 400 km to the northwest on the west coast of the south island of Novaya Zemlya. The economy of the settlement Amderma limited today to the entertainment of transport facilities and the supply of the few residents of the area.