American Popular Revolutionary Alliance
The Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana ( APRA ) ( "American Popular Revolutionary Alliance" ) is the oldest existing Peruvian political party. It was established on 7 May 1924 Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre. The APRA put the last Peruvian President Alan Garcia, until it was replaced by Ollanta Humala, 2011.
History
The early years
APRA was established by Haya de la Torre on May 24, 1924 in Mexico City as a Latin American coalition movement. In an article in the English magazine "The Labour Monthly" in December 1926, he published the principles of the APRA as Latin American (or " indio American " ) united front:
In 1927, in Paris, the first political organization of the APRA. On September 20, 1930, the " Partido Aprista Peruano " was established as a national Peruvian organization of the movement.
The APRA organized their supporters outside the political sphere in associations for workers, students and freelancers. She built in many towns ' people houses, " where evening classes and various services, such as cheap restaurants, were offered. The supporters of the party swung the greeting a white handkerchief.
Ups and downs under Haya de la Torre
In the Peruvian presidential elections in 1931 Haya de la Torre first appeared as a contestant on the APRA. In the same year the party was banned and Haya de la Torre thrown for 15 months in jail.
In 1945, José Luis Bustamante y Rivero, who had the support of the APRA, was elected president and the APRA legalized again. After riots in 1948 a renewed ban followed until 1956.
The ideological orientation of the APRA was subject to fluctuations. In the 50s, Haya de la Torre took opportunistic approximations to the right-hand bearing; the Peruvian Communist Party was founded as a spin-off of APRA under José Carlos Mariátegui. In the presidential elections in 1962 Haya de la Torre was after a ballot in the lead, but the election was annulled and a military junta took power. In the next elections in 1963 he was defeated.
The era García
After many ups and downs APRA came in the elections of 1985 under the leadership of the new, populist -oriented president Alan García for the first time to power. His presidency was marked by hyperinflation, civil unrest and guerrilla struggles, human rights violations and economic decline, eventually leading to the resignation of García in 1990 and led a heavy electoral defeat of the APRA. In the first election after the resignation of President Alberto Fujimori in the meantime returned from exile García failed just short of 48 % of the votes in the second round against Alejandro Toledo. In the presidential election of 2006, Alan García ran again for the office, which he in the runoff election against the top ranked in the first ballot, the left nationalist Ollanta Humala won with 55 percent of the vote. On June 4, 2006 In 2006 Congress also newly elected APRA presented with 36 of 120 members the second largest party. In the congressional elections of 2011, the APRA suffered a severe slump and could bring only four deputies to the Congress.
APRA is a member of the Socialist International, even if APRA is dominated socialist only slightly in their orientation.