Amir Khusrow
Hakim Abu 'l- Ḥasan Yamin ad -Din Khusrau (Persian حکیم ابوالحسن یمینالدین خسرو ), known as Amīr Khusrau Dehlavi (Persian امیر خسرو دهلوی; Hindi: अमीर खुसरो दहलवी; * 1253 in Patiali, † 1325 in Delhi ) was a persischsprachiger poet and musicologist of India.
Life
Some biographers suggest Patiala in Punjab Five Mesopotamia as his birthplace. His father, Amīr Sayf ud- Dīn Mahmūd, was a mercenary from Central Asia and a member of the Lachin tribe that belonged in turn to the Kara- Kitai. His mother was of Indian origin and belonged to the radschputischen strains of Uttar Pradesh. According to legend, are said to have almost left his family and the family of the famous Persian Sufi Jalal ad -Din Rumi at the same time, the early 13th century, because of the Mongol invasion, the area around Balkh. While the family of Rumi finally in Konya (then Region rum, today Turkey) settled to Amīr Sayf ud- Dīn moved to near the city of Delhi.
After the death of his father, his grandfather was responsible for his mother's education and his teaching. Since then, they lived in a suburb of Delhi.
At age eight trained by his mother in the meditation school of scholars and Sufi saints of the Order Chishtiyya Nizam ad -Din Awliya ( 1238-1325 ). For Khusrau Nizam ad -Din was long live the spiritual mentor.
Among his 92 books, essays and aphorisms in the languages of Persian, Urdu and Hindi are TAJU 'l- Fatah ( "Crown of Victory" ), Tuġlaqnāma ( " book on Tughlaq " ), the love stories of " Shirin and Khosrow " and " Laili and Majnun " as well as treatises on " Panj Ganj " ( " five Treasures " - meaning the five works of Nezami ).
Amir Khusrau, who wrote almost exclusively in Persian, with few exceptions, also was an important musicologist. The prevalent in his time dhrupad style of Indian classical music, which was played with the instrument cluster of the Vina scoring long- necked lutes, he should have the sitar accompanied by the invention of the khyal style and the introduction. Both can not be proved. The khyal style first became popular in the 18th century; the origin of the sitar is associated with the emergence of sympathetic strings, which are known only from the 17th century. In addition, Chosroes, the introduction of the classic song forms Tarana ( sung at a fast pace syllables), the Naqsch -o attributed originating from the Persian literature gul ( " pattern and flower " ) and the Sufi Qawwali singing. Some Gharanas (music schools ) lead a mythical lineage back to him.
Chosraus music and poetry are macroeconomic and natural. Thus, the compositions Darya Tala ( "river -stroke " ) and Dunya - tala ( " World and nature clock " ) of sensations of tones and rhythms are marked, which occur in nature, in the workshops and bazaars. From the beats, which produces the instrument for loosening of cotton, he got the idea to develop a musical bow.
In 1325, after the death of his teacher Nizam ad -Din Auliya, Khusrau died in Delhi. His grave is located south of New Delhi in its vicinity in the district of South Delhi. India hosts music events on the occasion of the birth and death of Amir Khusrau, who is famous as the " Sultan of the heart." His grave is a place of pilgrimage.