Amoxicillin

(2S, 5R, 6R ) -6 - [(R) -2-amino -2-( 4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido] -3,3- dimethyl- 7- oxo-4 -thia -1 -azabicyclo [3.2.0 ] heptane - 2-carboxylic acid

  • 26787-78-0
  • 61336-70-7 (Amoxicillin trihydrate)
  • 34642-77-8 (Amoxicillin sodium)

J01CA04

β -lactam antibiotics

Risk

3590 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, mouse, ip)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Amoxicillin is a Broad-spectrum antibiotic in a group of aminopenicillins and thus belongs to the group of drugs called β -lactam antibiotics. The 1981 approved drug is marketed under various trade names.

Application

Amoxicillin is the one against infections of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract and the urinary tract, against respiratory infections, rhinosinusitis and middle ear infections, and sometimes against infections of the skin applied (eg by animal bites ). Amoxicillin is effective against Gram-positive and some Gram- negative bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae, but the intestinal flora damaged less than ampicillin.

Because of the acid stability of amoxicillin is orally active, conventional dosage forms are tablets or dry syrup. Amoxicillin may also be injected.

The combination with a β - lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid as the action spectrum can be expanded. β -lactamase produced by some bacteria is an enzyme which does not inactivate antibiotics such as amoxicillin stable against β -lactamase. Thus, amoxicillin clavulanic acid protects from degradation by β -lactamases of most staphylococci.

The plasma half-life is on average around 60 minutes for the healthy kidneys. Amoxicillin is excreted mainly via the kidney, a small proportion of the biliary route.

Side effects

As with all penicillins may also amoxicillin side effects in the form of an allergic reaction of different thickness, have up to anaphylactic shock. More commonly, hypersensitivity reactions such as drug fever. It must also be reckoned with diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Otherwise penicillins largely non-toxic to humans. They can be usually prescribed during pregnancy. Rarely, fatigue, insomnia and slight confusion.

Trade names

Human medicines: Amoxibeta (D), Amoxypen (D), Azillin (CH), Baktocillin (D), Clamoxyl (A, CH), Infectomox (D), Jutamox (D), Ospamox (A), Spectroxyl (CH), Supramox (CH)

Veterinary medicinal products: Aciphen (D), Amox (D), Amoxanil (D), Amoxin (D), Amoxisel (D), Amoxival (D), Amoxy (D), Belamox (D), Bioamoxi (D), Clamoxyl (D ), Duphamox (D), Hostamox (D), Klatocillin (D), Octacillin (D), Parkemoxin (D), Tamox (D), Vetrimoxin (D), Veyxyl (D), Wedemox (D)

  • With clavulanic acid: Human Medicinal Products: Amoclav (D), AmoclanHexal (A), Amoxacid (A), Amoxi - saar plus (D), Augmentin (D), Augmentin (A), Benomox (A), Betamoclav (A), Clavamox ( A) Clavex (A) Clavolek (A) Clavoplus (A), co -amoxiclav (A) Curam (A) InfectoSupramox (D) Lekamoxiclav (A) Xiclav (A); Veterinary medicinal products: Amoxiclav (D), Clavaseptin (D), Kesium (D), Nicilan (D), Synulox (D), Amoxi - clavulanic (D)
  • With flucloxacillin: Flanamox (D)
  • With pantoprazole and clarithromycin: ZacPac (D)

Moreover, there are more generic to both the mono - as well as the combined preparations.

Studies

Several studies have shown that the active ingredient amoxicillin for the indication of acute rhinosinusitis is hardly effective.

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