Amsterdam School

With the Amsterdam School is called a Dutch architectural style of classic modernity, in particular the Expressionist building. The flow is based on the architecture of Berlage, whose traditionalism was later criticized by Michel de Klerk in Bouwkundig Weekblad 45/1916.

Just as various buildings erected during the same period in North Germany, most buildings in the Amsterdam School are also referred to as brick expressionism.

Development

The name " Amsterdamse School " comes from the Dutch architect Jan Gratama (1877-1947), the so called 1916, a group of young architects, who saw in her style and aesthetic goals in the tradition of Hendrik Petrus Berlage.

As the leading architects Michel de Klerk, Johan van der Mey and Piet Kramer are considered, who all worked in the office Eduard Cuypers until 1910.

The beginning of the Amsterdam School of the Scheepvaarthuis Johan van der Mey is seen, which was built by 1913-1916 in collaboration with Michel de Klerk and Piet Kramer. It is the prototype of a dynamic style, which is directed against the statics of the building of Berlage. The brick building has a plurality complicated brick patterns, ornamental gables, art glass, ironwork, reliefs and sculptures of natural stone such as granite or marble. The interior was designed by the interior designer Theo Nieuwenhuis ( 1866-1951 ).

Due to the strong structure of the façade, even large buildings do not have a solid character but appear varied and dynamic.

Significant impetus came from the city of Amsterdam itself, the first city adopted in 1905 a Building Regulations and van der Mey for the special position of " aesthetic consultant " hired to ensure artistic unity.

Many buildings of the Amsterdam School are in Amsterdam South (Plan Zuid ) to the urban design of Berlage. The following buildings are located in different districts: The Olympic Stadium (next to Olympic house) by Jan Wils in Amsterdam South, the Scheepvaarthuis by Johan van der Mey in the center, the house in the Spaarndammerbuurt by Michel de Klerk and school building, inter alia, by Cornelis Kruyswijk and Lansdorp Nicolaas in Amsterdam -West. In the garden cities " Oostzaan " and " Nieuwendam " in Amsterdam -Noord ( inter alia by Berend Tobia Boeyinga ), the Amsterdam School in a rural variant presented. Boeyinga built some Reformed churches in this style.

In other cities can be found, inter alia buildings by Willem Marinus Dudok in Hilversum or park Meerwijk in Bergen aan Zee. The Bijenkorf in The Hague by Piet Kramer (1924-1926) is considered the last great masterpiece of the Amsterdam School.

1923, died De Klerk. Thus, the Amsterdam School had passed its peak, even if the style of Piet Kramer as one of the most important architects of the Amsterdam School lasted until the early 1930s.

The Journal Wendingen ( "Changes " ), the organ of the Association of Architectura et Amicitia, appeared in the years 1918 to 1931 in 116 editions and was considered the journal of the Amsterdam School.

Since 2001, in a residential complex by Michel de Klerk at the Museum Het Schip Spaarndammerplantsoen 140, which presents much information about the Amsterdam School.

Importance of the Amsterdam School

While in the first half of the 20th century, the architecture of the Amsterdam School was rejected by the CIAM - rationalists and the CIAM Secretary Sigfried Giedion as obsolete as the opinion of this architectural movement in the positive sense has changed in the meantime. The Architecture Author Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani for example, describes the urban development plan of Berlage and the architecture of the Amsterdam School in its publications "The City in the 20th Century" as a good role model. He distances himself from many previous architectural artist.

As early as the 1930s, there have been individual of the New Architecture, recognizing the relative value of urban design of Berlage with the expressionists. Beginning of the 1930s, Le Corbusier visited the Netherlands and wrote an enthusiastic 6-page article entitled "Winter trip to Holland" in the journal " plan " No.12 from February 1932 In this article, passages occur as: . "Land of Things "," gigantic efforts of urban "and" the standards are those of a whole and the district are built at once. " This meant Le Corbusier 's not the little white settlements by architect Oud, but the city extensions from Amsterdam to the urban development plans of Berlage and the architectural plans of the Amsterdam School. In addition, one has to imagine that the urban expansion of the CIAM rationalists Cornelis van Eesteren and Ben Merkelbach were built much later, the first part of Bos en Lommerange in the years 1938-1949. That Berlage in 1928 invited for the first CIAM congress, was a recognition of his urban planning work. Maybe Berlage received this invitation on behalf of Le Corbusier or like-minded architects. The above and translated passages are in the book " The Functional City " by Thilo Hilpert, on page 230

Structures ( selection)

  • Brug 283 (1913-1914), Bridge, Waalseilandsgracht / Buiten Bantammerstraat, Amsterdam
  • Scheepvaarthuis (1913-1916), office buildings, Prins Hendrikkade, Amsterdam
  • Block Eigen Haard (1914-1918), Spaarndammerplantsoen, Amsterdam
  • Ir. D. F. Woudagemaal (1917-1920), steam pumping station, Tacozijl in Lemmer
  • Het Schip (1917-1921), block, Spaarndammerplantsoen, Amsterdam
  • P. L. Kramerbrug (1917-1921), Bridge, Amstelkade 1, Amsterdam
  • Het Amsterdams Lyceum (1918-1920), School, Valeriusplein, Amsterdam
  • Gebouw Batavia (1918-1920), office buildings, Prins Hendrikkade, Amsterdam
  • Block De Dageraad (1918-1923), Takbuurt, Amsterdam
  • Building A Radio Kootwijk, (1920-1922), community Apeldoorn
  • Holendrechtstraat 1-47 (1921-1923), Amsterdam
  • Laboratory of Horticulture (1921-1923), Wageningen
  • Het Sieraad (1921-1924), School, Postjesweg, Amsterdam
  • Bronckhorststraat 11-37 (1922-1924), Amsterdam
  • Main Post Utrecht (1922-1924), Utrecht
  • Berlage Lyceum (1923-1924), School, Takbuurt, Amsterdam
  • Harm Smeengeschool (1924-1925), a former school building, Amsterdam
  • De Bijenkorf (1924-1926), department store, Grote Marktstraat, The Hague
  • Huize Lydia (1924-1927), a former girls' home, Roelof Hart, Amsterdam
  • Coöperatiehof (1925-1928), Amsterdam
  • Lyceumbrug (1926-1927), Bridge, Olympia, Amsterdam
  • Carlton Hotel (1926-1928), Vijzelstraat, Amsterdam
  • Het Nieuwe Huis (1927-1928), Roelof Hart, Amsterdam

Block Spaarndammer Plantsoen - 33 (1914-1918) in Amsterdam, architect Michel de Klerk

Trafohäuschen of P. L. Kramerbrug (1917-1921) in Amsterdam, architect: Piet Kramer

Het Amsterdams Lyceum (1918-1920), architect: HAJ and J. Baanders

Gebouw Batavia (1918-1920) in Amsterdam, Architect: JH Slot

Block De Dageraad (1918-1923) in Amsterdam, architect: Piet Kramer and Michel de Klerk

Laboratory of Horticulture (1921-1923) in Wageningen, architect: Cornelis J. Blaauw

Holendrechtstraat 1-47 (1921-1923) in Amsterdam, Architect: Margaret Staal Kropholler

Bronckhorststraat 11-37 (1922-1924) in Amsterdam, Architect: Jan Frederik Staal

Main Post Utrecht (1922-1924), architect: Joseph Crouwel

Huize Lydia (1922-1927) in Amsterdam, Architect: Jan Boterenbrood

De Bijenkorf (1924-1926) in The Hague, architect: Piet Kramer

Block Coöperatiehof (1925-1928) in Amsterdam, architect: Piet Kramer

Het Nieuwe Huis (1927-1928) in Amsterdam, Architect: Barend van den Amstel Nieuwen

Harm Smeengeschool (1924-1925) in Amsterdam, Architect: Pieter Lucas Marnette

Radio Kootwijk, also called Cathedral (1920-1922), architect: Julius Luthman

Amsterdam - Zuid, The Structure Plan Berlage (1915 ), state of the arch. fillings in 1922

Structure Plan Berlage (1915), with fictional arch. Fillings, " De Dageraad " on the top right

Office building Emmasingel, Eindhoven

Modern architecture Traditionalist School (architecture) Leadlight Dimension stone Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam) Bergen, North Holland Berlage (disambiguation) Ir.D.F. Woudagemaal Integrated Authority File
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