Amur River

Amur headwaters and catchment area (yellow)

The Amur in Heihe

The Amur near the settlement Verkhnaya Econ in Khabarovsk, Russia

(The columns were brought in 1900 in a museum in Vladivostok in 1860 ) One of the pillars of the Ming period on the Tyr- rock over the Amur, near Nikolaievsk

The Amur or Heilong Jiang (Russian Амур, Chinese黑龙江, Heilong Jiang Pinyin ) is a 2824 km long stream in China and Russia, which flows into the northern Pacific.

Etymology

Amur of ewenisch Tamur for Big River; Heilong Jiang of Chinese黑龙江, Heilong Jiang Pinyin for River of the Black Dragon.

Course

The river is formed 61 km west of Mohe by the confluence of the Argun and Shilka of.

After this river wedding of the Amur flows to almost 2000 kilometers in length as a border river to the southeast. He takes the water from Bureya, Huma Hey, Seja and Songhua Jiang ( Sungari ) on. Before the Sikhote Alin ( "Coast Mountains" ), he bends in the Sino- Russian lowlands to the northeast. Above Khabarovsk opens one of the Ussuri and the Amur now flows to the estuary on Russian territory. Next to the northeast flowing, he takes on the waters of the Amgun.

The Amur opens slightly east of Nikolaievsk in the Tatar Strait, a strait between the Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan on the edge of the Pacific Northwest. The estuary is located further east towards the northern end of the island Sakhalin.

Shipping

The Amur is navigable for its entire length.

The measured at Komsomolsk amounts of water ( in March on average 984 m³ / s, in September, however, 20,702 m³ / s; longtime average 9,819 m³ / s ) come from a catchment area of 1.73 million km ².

Amur river system

Together with the left source of the river Amur, the Shilka, and their right source river, the Onon, produced the 4411 km long river Onon - Shilka - Amur; together with the right Amur - Argun river source, the 4444 km long river Argun - Amur forms. On Argun Hailar is (now Municipality of Hulun Buir ) and about 150 kilometers west of this, the Hulun Lake is located ( Hulun Only ), who actually saw no contact with him from further east flowing Argun has. In particularly rainy years, it happens that this lake, which is normally no outlet, overflows at its northern shore to open after about 30 kilometers in the Argun. This gives the opening into this lake Cherlen ( Kerulen ) to connect to the Argun, the 944 kilometers long is the Sino- Russian border from there on in its lower reaches and then passes into the Amur, so in fact the 5052 km long river Kerulen - Argun - Amur arises.

Places on the river

  • Mohe - border town in China
  • Blagoveshchensk - border town and Oblasthauptstadt in Russia
  • Heihe - prefecture-level city in China
  • Aigun - border town in China
  • Sijiazi - Manchurian border village in China
  • Tongjiang - county-level city in China
  • Khabarovsk - Capital Region in Russia
  • Komsomolsk-on- Amur - city in Russia
  • Nikolaievsk -on-Amur - City in Russia

History

In the first taken by a European power agreement China, the Treaty of Nertschinsk, Russia recognized on September 6, 1689 on the territory on both sides of the Amur as Chinese territory. 1858, with the Treaty of Aigun, was the Amur border between the two countries. However, there were several border conflicts in this border section in the (recent ) past.

Nature

The Amurbecken, in the coniferous forests of the taiga hit the bush and swamps of the tundra is a region with a large biodiversity. Here Siberian tiger, wolf, lynx, brown bear and moose occur as well as deer, Amur Leopard, Asiatic, Mandarin Duck and Asian Paradise Flycatcher. It is also a key area for the Asian Cranes, and make every year in this region, six different species of crane station. In addition, breed here the red-crowned crane and the white-naped crane.

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