Anacampseros

Anacampseros rufescens flower

Anacampseros is a plant genus of the family of Anacampserotaceae.

  • 4.1 Development of the system
  • 4.2 Conservation of the generic name
  • 5.1 Literature
  • 5.2 Notes and references

Description

The species of the genus Anacampseros grow as dwarf, little branched, perennial, herbaceous plants. Their leaves are either big, meaty and expensive or small and obscured by large parchment-like stipules. For large sheets, the stipules are reduced to falling hair. The flowers appear singly or form wenigblütige grapes. They are stalked or not, sometimes the flowers are cleistogamous. There are two persistent sepals, five petals and 15-60 stamens present. The ovary is upper constant. The fruits are thin, häutchenartige fruit capsules containing numerous seeds.

Be the known chromosome numbers.

Dissemination

The genus Anacampseros is in Southern and East Africa, Australia ( Anacampseros australiana ) as well as in Argentina and Bolivia ( kurtzii Anacampseros, Anacampseros vulcanensis ) spread. Distribution area are the Namaqualand and Namibia.

System

Outer systematics

The genus Anacampseros is one of the three plant genera in the 2010 newly established family Anacampserotaceae. Unlike its two related genera it is not used in America. Molecular genetic studies revealed the following relationships:

Talinopsis

Grahamia

Anacampseros

Inside systematics

The first use of the name was in 1758 by Linnaeus. The type species is Anacampseros telephiastrum DC. Whose nomenklatorisches synonym Linnaeus Portulaca is Anacampseros.

The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words for anakamptein bring back ' and eros for ' love ' from known after Pliny and Plutarch plant, which was attributed to an aphrodisiac and is now to the genus Sedum. An alternative interpretation puts the Greek words for anakampto, bent down ' and - eros for showing ability based, which could relate to the recurved fruits of some species.

The genus Anacampseros include the following types:

  • Anacampseros albidiflora Poelln.
  • Anacampseros albissima Marloth (syn. Avonia albissima ( Marloth ) GDRowley )
  • Anacampseros alstonii Schönland (syn. Avonia quinaria subsp. Alstonii ( Schönland ) GDRowley )
  • Anacampseros arachnoides ( Haw. ) Sims
  • Anacampseros australiana JMBlack (syn. Grahamia australiana ( JMBlack ) GDRowley )
  • Anacampseros baeseckei Dinter
  • Anacampseros bayeriana S.A.Hammer
  • Anacampseros buderiana Poelln. (Syn. Avonia recurvata subsp. Buderiana ( Poelln. ) G.Will. )
  • Anacampseros coahuilensis ( S.Watson ) Eggli & Nyffeler (syn. Grahamia coahuilensis ( S.Watson ) GDRowley )
  • Anacampseros comptonii Pillans
  • Anacampseros decapitata Burgoyne & J. van Thiel
  • Anacampseros dinteri Schinz (syn. Avonia dinteri ( Schinz ) GDRowley )
  • Anacampseros filamentosa ( Haw. ) Sims Anacampseros filamentosa subsp. filamentosa
  • Anacampseros filamentosa subsp. namaquensis ( H.Pearson & Stephens ) G.D.Rowley
  • Anacampseros filamentosa subsp. tomentosa ( A.Berger ) Gerbaulet
  • Anacampseros lanceolata subsp. lanceolata
  • Anacampseros lanceolata subsp. nebrownii ( Poelln. ) Gerbaulet
  • Anacampseros papyracea subsp. papyracea
  • Anacampseros papyracea subsp. namaensis Gerbaulet (syn. Avonia papyracea subsp. namaensis ( Gerbaulet ) GDRowley )
  • Anacampseros recurvata subsp. recurvata
  • Anacampseros recurvata subsp. minuta Gerbaulet (syn. Avonia recurvata subsp. minuta ( Gerbaulet ) GDRowley )
  • Anacampseros retusa subsp. retusa
  • Anacampseros retusa subsp. lanuginosa G.Will.
  • Anacampseros subnuda subsp. subnuda
  • Anacampseros subnuda subsp. lubbersii ( Bleck ) Gerbaulet

For those of Graham Williamson ( b. 1932 ) in the genus Avonia first described species, subspecies and varieties

  • Avonia albissima grisea var G.Will. (2009)
  • Avonia gariepensis G.Will. (2006)
  • Avonia lavbleckiana G.Will. (2009)
  • Avonia lavbleckiana subsp. major G.Will. (2009)
  • Avonia perplexa G.Will. (2006)

Are so far ( end of 2011) no recombinations in the genus Anacampseros ago.

Botanical history

Development of the system

William Henry Harvey and Otto Wilhelm Special knew early 1860s in their Flora Capensis nine species. Alwin Berger led in 1908 in his handling of Mesembrianthemen and Portulacaceen 21 species, which were divided as already at Harvey and special in the two subgenera Avonia and Telephiastrum. Kurt Dinter extended this subdivision in 1923 by the Rosulatae when he dielsiana (now a synonym of Anacampseros karasmontana ) erstbeschrieb Anacampseros. When Karl von Poellnitz (1896-1945) in the late 1920s began to more intensively to the genus, he knew about 40 species. In 1933 he published his overview font Anacampseros L.: Test of a monograph.

A comprehensive monograph of the genus Anacampseros was published in 1992 by Maike Gerbaulet. Gordon Douglas Rowley arranged in 1994 in the journal Bradleya the genus Anacampseros new. He raised the subgenus or section Avonia to the rank of an independent Art He also presented the only species of the genus Xenia ( Xenia vulcanensis ) and Talinopsis ( Talinopsis frutescens ), which consists of two types genus Talinaria ( Talinaria palmeri and Talinaria coahuilensis ) and the monotypic section Anacampseros sect. Tuberosae with the domestic kind in Australia Anacampseros australiana in the formerly monotypic genus Grahamia. The long -run in the family Portulacaceae genus Anacampseros was provided in 2010 due to molecular genetic studies, together with the nearby allied genera Grahamia and Talinopsis of Urs Eggli and Reto Nyffeler in the new family Anacampserotaceae.

Conservation of the generic name

An amendment adopted at the Fifth International Botanical Congress 1930 in Cambridge revision of the treatment of homonyms made ​​it necessary in consequence to preserve numerous established, but later published genus name. Alfred Rehder examined the known taxonomic literature as regards the name Anacampseros. He found the following names in use: Anacampseros Mill ( 1754), Anacampseros P.Browne (1756 ) and Anacampseros Sims ( 1811). Philip Miller's name was in the Crassulaceae family, was only accepted by a few authors, referring to species that are expected in general to the genus Sedum. Patrick Browne Anacampseros was a illegetimer generic name, because Browne had been no generic description. Wide use by botanists learned the name Anacampseros within the meaning of 1811 by John Sims ( 1749-1831 ) in Curtis 's Botanical Magazine published description and illustration of two types. Rehder therefore proposed to retain the name Anacampseros Sims and continue both on the type of Anacampseros telephiastrum based genera Ruelingia Ehrh. (1788 ) and Telephiastrum Medik. (1789 ) also lead to a " nomen conservandum ". The Sixth International Botanical Congress 1935 in Amsterdam participated in this proposal.

Harold William Rickett (1896-1989) and Frans Antonie Stafleu (1921-1997) proposed in 1959 that the rules adopted in 1935 in favor of Anacampseros Wernisch. To change ( 1763), as Johann Jacob Wernischeck ( 1743-1804 ) had the Linnaeus in his 1752 published 4th edition of Genera Plantarum listed names used as first. In the International code of botanical nomenclature from 1961 Linnaeus font Opera Varia was based of 1758 on page 257 and finally the two preserved genus name Ruelingia and Telephastrum deleted from the code.

Evidence

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