Anacrusis

As a prelude ( formerly surcharge or Arsis; eng " upbeat .") Is referred to in the music of the beginning of a song, motif, phrase, or an entire plant on a weak beat part before the first main emphasis.

General

Since the 19th century, the music theory uses the term prelude to the beginning of a piece of music that does not begin with a complete clock. In songs, the rhythm is synchronous usually with the textual emphasis. Rhythmic meter follows the melody usually the fluency of the text, so that a text - sound relationship. Particularly, since the emphasis is usually on the second syllable in the German language, the first syllable is unstressed. It is then the weak beat of the measure, because the notes falling on these clock time are not on the grammatical accent of the lyrics.

Metrics opener

Metric is upbeat that a song does not begin with the counting time 1, but with a weaker beat. Why they are called such structures also upbeat.

Many German folk songs upbeat start, because her text begins with unstressed particles ( articles, pronouns, prepositions ). In the Märzen the farmer the steed clamps: " In " is the prelude, as the word is unstressed preposition and only the noun " Märzen " is emphasized. Other examples: At the fountain in front of the gates, from gray cities walls, Hiking is enjoyable, The moon is up, I went through a grass-green forest, mountains, etc. In the early morning dew to See List of folk songs.

Examples from other languages ​​:

• Stous Pera, pera kambous (Greece )
• Alas, my love, you do me wrong ( Greensleeves, England)
• Petit papa noël (France)

(Kick-off italic, first emphasis in bold)

Hugo Riemann's system of musical rhythm and meter (Leipzig, 1903 ) is based on three interdependent principles, namely the rubato ( tempo change ), Auftaktigkeit and eight-bar. Auftaktigkeit here means that music is proceeding in general from easiest to hardest, from upbeat to downbeat and from question to answer. Riemann's theory is criticized because they mainly go out of upbeat models and abtaktige ignore.

With songs and instrumental pieces of the closing stroke is reduced by the length of the kick-off event, so it adds up to full clock with the start. This is especially so held when several verses to be sung with a continuous pulse. Durchbrochen is the schema, if there is an irregular musical shaping, especially in the field of folk song from the text structure. Also revealed in the 19th century by the stylistic solution of classical forms an exemption from this principle.

General opener

General prelude is derived from Hugo Riemann term. It is a start of a higher order, which is not part of the following subject, but transition to a new idea or to repeat a previously encountered the subject. He calls him a " kick-off which does not belong to the next cycle motive, but leads on to re- lecture the main idea. " The importance of the general upbeat already recognized Jérôme -Joseph de Momigny; he calls him "lien " (tape). Mathis Lussy, the Momignys ideas took up again in 1873, called the transition tones " notes de soudure " (seam ). In Hugo Riemann's phrasing editions of the General start is indicated by a forward overflowing bow.

Abtakt

A song begins with the exceptionally downbeat one, it is called abtaktig. For de Momigny the prelude was already a preferred element of phrasing by emphasizing it.

Other meanings

• An elderly use according opener (also Aufstreich, French levée, it. Levata ) of unstressed (light, bad ) part of the bar, the Arsis, in contrast to the stressed ( heavy, good ) clock part, the thesis that as Abtakt (including low clock, low blow, French frappée, it. battuta ) is called. This terminology has its origin in the tactus, the. Upward and downward movement of the hand or foot while singing The word prelude was then transferred to the beginning of phrase in the opening, which is also referred to as Anakrusis.
• In a figurative sense, one speaks of opening as opening of an event: The prelude to this year's Oktoberfest made ​​in the traditional beer - tapping.