Anarchism without adjectives
Anarchism without adjectives (from sp. Anarquismo sin adjetivos ) refers in the words of the historian Esenwein to a "form of anarchism without hyphen, a doctrine without descriptive label as communist, collectivist, mutualist, or individualist. Others understood including to tolerate the coexistence of different anarchist schools. " Fernando Tarrida del Marmol published in 1890 in the journal Le Révolté an article this title and is considered the founder of this movement. Other important representatives were Voltairine de Cleyre, Errico Malatesta and Max Nettlau.
Origin
The founder of the concept was probably the Cuban-born Fernando Tarrida del Marmol. He used the term anarquismo sin adjectivos in articles in November 1889 in Barcelona. Tarrida del Marmol said with this expression to the communist and collectivist anarchists of Spain, which led to an intense debate about the merits of their theories at that time. Anarchism without adjectives was an attempt to postulate to bring in the various anarchist currents greater tolerance, anarchists should anyone whether to impose a pre-made business plan in practice or theory. Anarchists without adjectives tended either to reject all anarchist economic models as faulty, or they all maintain in pluralistic attitude up to certain limits, so that these could be measured against each other. The economic question to be considered by these anarchists as secondary on the way to abolish all authority. Free experimentation, however, should be one of the basic guidelines of the free society.
History
Known as anarquismo sin adjetivos theoretical perspective was the product of an intense debate within the anarchist movement between collectivist and communist anarchists. The origins can be recognized in the development of Communist Anarchism after Bakunin's death in 1876. The communist anarchism was not completely differently than the collectivist anarchism of Bakunin, as his representative, as was James Guillaume in his famous work " On Building the New Social Order " noted, auffassten its economic development towards anarchist communism. Communist Anarchists developed, deepened and enriched Bakunin's work as well as Proudhon, Bakunin developed theory, deepened and enriched. Communist anarchism has been associated with the anarchists Elisée Reclus, Carlo Cafiero, Errico Malatesta and Peter Kropotkin as known.
Replace Anarcho Communist ideas anarcho collectivist than mainstream in Europe, except in Spain. Here the main question was not of Communism, although she was important for Ricardo Mella, but the question of the modification of the anarcho -communist strategies. At this time, the 1880s, the anarcho- communists favorite local militant cells and rejected from unions because of their attitude directed against organizations. In the wake of the debate on the amendment of strategy and tactics, there was extensive discussion on the part of Anarchokollektivisten, supported the organizations and struggles of the working class strong.
This conflict spread from Spain and the discussion was reflected in the Parisian magazine La Révolte. This led some anarchists Malatesta agree "that it is not concerned, to divide us because of pure hypotheses. " Gradually voted the most anarchists - in Max Nettlaus words - that " we can not predict the economic development of the future" and exerted themselves to work out their similarities rather different visions of the future organization of a free society. As time went on, noticed most anarcho communists, that the ignorance of the labor movement meant that their ideas were not taken up by the workers, while still holding up their commitment to communist ideals and the implementation sooner rather than later - after the revolution - expected.
In the U.S., there was at the same time a similarly stored debate between individualist and communist anarchists. Benjamin Tucker argued that anarcho- communists are not anarchists, while Johann Most was the same thing about Tucker's ideas of themselves. Just like Mella and Tarrida pushed forward the idea of tolerance between anarchist groups were anarchists like Voltairine de Cleyre to " itself simply be described as ' anarchist ' and invoked as Malatesta on 'anarchism without adjectives ', since the absence of government certainly 'd tried at different places in many different experiments to find the most appropriate form. " Voltarine operational reconciliation of the various schools and wrote in her essay, Anarchism, " There's nothing unanarchistisches is at all [ these systems ] until the element of coercion gains access and unwilling compels people to remain in communities whose economic arrangements they do not assist. "
Known representatives
Although a large number of anarchists could be subsumed in one way or another way, the term " anarchism without adjectives ", have just a few more specifically known to him or propagated it. These are Élisée Reclus, Sébastien Faure, Jared Zavala and in other than the traditional anarchism without adjectives Fred Woodworth.