Ancestor

Ancestor (s ) (from Old High German - faro " propelled "; female: ancestor ) means a biological parent or Vorelternteil a living being, from which it is derived in direct line and its descendant consanguineous it is. Two -sex creatures have mother and father side ancestors summarized as ancestors. The ancestry is called fachsprachlich ancestry ( Latin for " ascending " ), its opposite, is in the descending line, the descent as descendants of a living being. In a figurative sense, all animal species are referred to as ancestors of species that have evolved from them, so dinosaurs are regarded as ancestors of birds, because they developed warm springs for the first time.

From the biological lineages differ in human societies, the cultural origin rules because they also adopted to the ancestors of a person and can include recognized legal relatives and fraternal side relatives ( aunt, great-uncle ). In cultures with unilinear descent rules of forefathers or foremothers only the ancestor of a parent of social concern (see below ).

Ahn (s), female ancestor or ancestress, in the narrower sense of a deceased ancestor, a ancestors (see also ancestor worship / ancestor worship ). In a general sense as ancestors far back ancestors generations are referred to, in the broadest sense, all ancestors and figuratively spiritual ancestors of an idea or tradition ( precursor ). The word " Ahn " goes back to Middle High German to ( e), Old High German ano, up to an origin as " Lallwort child language for older persons from the vicinity of the child" ( Duden ); formerly referred to it nationwide but also the grandfather. The auxiliary historical science of genealogy research systematically collects information on the ancestors of a person ( see below).

Ancestor (s) and ancestor refer to ancestors with several generations distance from the person concerned, or their earliest detectable ancestors ( Spitzenahn ), or an ancestor ( ancestor ) or a stem nut ( ancestor ).

Cultural differences on biological ancestry

In all social groups and societies determine cultural descent rules, if only the lineage of a parent or whether the lines of both parents are counted among the ancestors of a person, and how well collateral relatives and adopted or recognized relatives are recognized as ancestors.

The closest social construct of race is the " male line ", especially in aristocratic families: For them the main line limited the ancestors of a person on their forefathers, which in every generation, only the eldest legitimate son of the forefather is expected, the agnate (see also firstborn, birthright ). In contrast, around 160 ethnic groups and indigenous peoples limit their ancestry only to their mothers line. In contrast to these unilinear descent rules, the equivalent of origin of his father and mother applies ( kognatisch - bilateral) in the European cultural space, as in most highly industrialized societies; follow this rule almost 30 percent of the 1300 world's ethnic peoples. The reference to the ancestors of both lines, however, has that many generations can not be recalled and the number of collateral relatives is very large; in contrast, may appoint members of a culture with pure mothers or fathers lines up to ten or more generations of their ancestors.

Another difference to biological ancestry form side lines of siblings of the parents and forefathers, who are often counted together with their descendants to the ancestors of a person; page related ancestors, for example, uncle ( brother of parent ) and great-aunts ( daughters of siblings of great-grandparents ). However, at the oral or written tradition of ancestor generations, entire side lines have been embezzled, for example, if an ancestor expelled due to illegitimacy or dispute, or as a " black sheep " of his (large ) family and below - together with his descendants - was denied.

The third difference to genetic ancestors constitute legal conceptions, which, through adoption or paternity recognition, the integration of people into their own ancestry, the blood relations are not with other ancestors were.

Genealogy

Their parents, the parents of both parents are the four grandparents, all their siblings are the great-uncle and aunts,: In the family history (genealogy ), the names are known ancestors of a person, the living, presented in a " Tree List" or " pedigree " the eight great-grandparents, and so on in ascending order ( see relatives and generation names). The representation may be limited to all father and mother side forefathers be ( also common in animal breeding ), or side lines of siblings of parents and ancestors generations include (see also the " family tree ").

As " Spitzenahn " either refers to a progenitor ( ancestor ) or a stem nut ( ancestor ), or the oldest recorded ancestor. Occupied as early ancestor of a person

In the modern genealogy are mother and father side ancestors of equal importance. It is often found in remote side lines of an ancestor, which is also contained in the ancestor list of another (known) person; such a distant past relationship is referred to as "ancestral community" ( in contrast to the 'community of the ancestors " in the ancestor worship ). A full, congruent ancestors community have vollbürtige siblings due to their identical ancestors.

Some ancestors that can be included in two places of the ancestors list, for example, lead cousin marriages to prove that for their offspring two grandparents as parents of twinned parents four ancestral positions, and these overlaps are continued backward; This effect is called "ancestral fading ": The mathematically possible number of ancestors dwindles to a lower number of actual ancestors, it causes a " loss of ancestors ".

As a " step- ancestors" are called by the ancestors of a person ( future ) spouse, of which they are not derived, for example, a stepfather or a later wife of the grandfather ( step-grandmother ); there is no relationship to them, but with a pre heiratetes Schwägerschaftsverhältniss, which also includes the registered partner of ancestors in recent times.

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