Andative and venitive

The Ventiv is a grammatical category of the verb to some languages. He expresses that the action is performed locally in the direction of the speaker ( venire " Ventiv " from Latin, come '). Especially in some ancient Near Eastern languages, such as Akkadian and Sumerian, and in some languages ​​of the Caucasus, North Africa ( such as the Maɗi, a Zentralsudanischen language ) and Oceania (eg Lenakel ) of Ventiv occurs more frequently. He is not limited to motion verbs.

Examples

Sumerian

Other hand, without Ventiv:

(*) The prefix - ì is here because the verb form is finite and every finite verb must have at least a prefix. A grammatical or lexical meaning does not carry the prefix.

A Ventiv is often also with verbs that express no movement:

Lenakel

The Austronesian language Lenakel ( spoken in Vanuatu) not only has a Ventiv suffix, but also have a suffix that indicates the direction to the person addressed towards, as well as a neutral suffix indicating that the action either in the direction of the speaker still running towards the person addressed. The following example is taken from the grammar by John Lynch (1978 ), see literature.

Credentials

• Edzard, Dietz Otto: A Sumerian Grammar, Brill Academic Publishers, 2003, ISBN 9004126082
• Lynch, John: A Grammar of Lenakel. (Pacific Linguistics Series B no. 55) The Australian National University, Canberra 1978.

• Word form