Anders Celsius

Anders Celsius ( pronunciation: [ ˌ ː to ː dəʂ sɛl siɵs ], born November 27, Schwed / December 7 1701greg in Uppsala; † 25 Apriljul / May 6 1744greg ibid. .. . ) Was a Swedish astronomer, mathematician and physicist.

Life

Anders Celsius was born in Uppsala in 1701 and comes from a noble family from the estate Doma in Ovanåker. He studied at Uppsala University, where he became professor in 1730. In 1733 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina. 1736 he took part in an expedition to measure the shape of the earth. 1741, he presented the first Swedish observatory in Uppsala done. He also was also a poet and author of popular science literature.

Celsius was the first who investigated the brightness of stars by measurement; He also found that auroras disrupt the Earth's magnetic field.

Celsius died at the age of 42 from tuberculosis and was buried in the Church of Gamla Uppsala.

The Celsius temperature scale

Anders Celsius defined in 1742 named after him Temperature Classification degrees Celsius. In contrast to the Celsius scale used today, he laid the boiling point of water at 0 ° and the freezing fixed at 100 °. Only later the fixed points of the scale were reversed; nowadays it is used exclusively in the latter form. The revolutionaries was that C had proposed to use it as a universal scale to compare temperatures across the world: In contrast to other researchers, he noted in the accurate determination of the fixed points and the prevailing atmospheric pressure (760 mm of mercury ) and as laid down precise measurement conditions.

In 1948, the temperature scale of the 9th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Memory of Anders Celsius was renamed the Celsius scale. The original thermometer can be in the Museum of the University of Uppsala, the Gustavianum, visited today. It is just like a thermometer today, from a mounted on a wooden board with scale mercury reservoir with attached capillary.