André Martinet
André Martinet ( born April 12, 1908 in Saint -Alban -des- Villard, Canton La Chambre, † July 16, 1999 in Chatenay -Malabry ) was a famous French linguist, who had a great influence on structuralism.
Life
André Martinet studied English and graduated with a Agrégation. In 1937, he defended two theses at once: La gemination consonantique d' origine expressive dans les langues germaniques ( The consonant doubling of expressive origin in the Germanic languages ) and La phonology du mot en danois ( The Phonology of the word in Danish ).
From 1938 to 1946 he is Director of Studies at the École pratique des hautes études. After the war Martinet went to New York, where he led the International Auxiliary Language Association initiated from 1946-1948 and contributed to the drafting of the world auxiliary language Interlingua. From 1947-1955 Martinet taught at Columbia University, where he was appointed head of the linguistics department. He was also editor of the journal Word.
1955 Martinet returned to France, where he became one his place at the École pratique des hautes études occupied again, on the other hand the Department of General Linguistics at the Sorbonne (Paris V) held. In 1966 he was president of the European Association linguist. He also founded the Society for Functional Linguistics and the journal La Linguistique.
In his 1993 memoirs, published statements about his former colleagues find Roman Jakobson, Emile Benveniste and Noam Chomsky, which was considered by some as anti-Semitic. However, his students and the editor of the magazine he founded La Linguistique distanced themselves from this accusation.
Work
Influenced by the Prague school founded Martinet functionalist syntax ( Syntaxe générale, 1985). In addition, he has written around twenty major works on general linguistics ( Éléments de linguistique générale, 1960), for diachronic linguistics and systematically induced sound change ( Économie of changements phonétiques, 1955, 1982 revised German version) and for comparative linguistics Wissenschafte (Des steppes aux Ocean, 1986). His most famous work Éléments de linguistique générale was translated in 17 languages and a whole generation of linguists in France and beyond has influenced.
Basis of André Martinet's Functionalist structuralism, introduced by him in 1949, the concept of double articulation of human language, which distinguishes them from all other sign systems.
Publications
- La description phonologique application avec au parler francoprovençal d' Hauteville (Savoie), coll « Publication Romanes et Françaises ", Geneva, Librairie Droz, 1956.
- Éléments de linguistique générale, Paris, Armand Colin, 1960.
- Langue et fonction, 1962.
- La linguistique synchronique, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1965.
- Le français sans fard, coll " Sup ", Paris, PUF, 1969.
- Évolution des langues et reconstruction, Paris, PUF, 1975.
- Syntaxe générale, 1985.
- The steppes aux Ocean, Paris, Payot, 1986.
- Fonction et dynamique des langues, Paris, Armand Colin, 1989.
- Mémoires d'un linguiste, vivre les langues, 1993.