Anemophily

Anemophily or Windblütigkeit (also Anemogamie ) refers to the adaptation of seed plants on pollination by the wind. Windblütigkeit is in the seed plants the original form of pollination, the jaw -like are those primarily wind-pollinated plants. In the angiosperms, which are animal pollinated primarily Windblütigkeit has many clans secondarily developed again.

The adaptation to the wind pollination comprising:

• The flowers are inconspicuous.
• The number of individual floral organs is reduced.
• The flowers are often unisexual ( Diklinie: monoecious, dioecious ).
• The inflorescences are often tight and hang.
• The anthers are located on thin filaments ( " Pendelantheren ").
• It is made only little or no Pollenkitt, the pollen grains are therefore individually.
• The pollen surface is often smooth.
• The scar has an increased surface area to catch the pollen grains.
• Per flower, there are few to an ovule. The probability that more than a pollen grain meets the scar is very low.
• It is not formed nectar, accordingly, no juice times

In Windblütigkeit a very high ratio of pollen grain number to ovule number (P / O value ) is needed to ensure adequate pollination rate. In the pine -like she is about one million in the Commons hazel (Corylus avellana ) is approximately 2.5 million. However, the silver birch (Betula pendula) has a value which is in the range of species with tierblütigen 6700. The high expenditure for pollen production is partially offset by the fact that wind -pollinated pollen contains much less often sporopollenin.

Among the families of plants that are wind-pollinated, include the grasses ( Poaceae ) and Rushes ( Juncaceae ), each hermaphrodite. The species-rich genus of sedges ( Carex ) has unisexual flowers. The order of the book -like ( fagales ) with book family ( Fagaceae ) and birch family ( Betulaceae ) is characterized by unisexual, monoecious distributed flowers to her include many native tree and shrub species. Another group with mainly wind pollination are the previously summarized in their own order Urticales families Elm Family ( Ulmaceae ), hemp plants ( Cannabaceae ) and Nettle family ( Urticaceae ), which are monoecious or dioecious.

Even within otherwise animal -pollinated families, there are often individual species or genera that have been transferred to Windblütigkeit. Examples is the genus meadow diamonds ( Thalictrum ), are wind pollinated at the individual species, or the Small burnet ( Sanguisorba minor ) and the genera Artemisia and the poplars (Populus ).

Documents

• Peter Leins: flower and fruit. Morphology, evolution, phylogeny, function, ecology. E. Content Free Trial, Stuttgart 2000, pp. 219, 206-213. ISBN 3-510-65194-4

• Pollination