Antiking

As an anti-king is called a king who - because of broken, unstable or unclear power relations or not controlled or disputed succession to the throne - was set against a still reigning king to overthrow them. Antikings entered electoral monarchies such as the Holy Roman Empire frequently than in hereditary monarchies like England or France.

Some of the anti-kings were able to push through with their claim to power and were recognized as the rightful kings (eg Frederick II ). For some (eg, Henry II (Bavaria), Egbert II ( Meissen ) ) its status as a king or a rival king until today is controversial.

IV The regime established by royal election by the Golden Bull of Charles ( 1356) was virtually ruled the election of a rival king in the Holy Roman Empire.

Antikings in the East Frankish Empire

  • Arnulf the Bad ( 919-921 possibly against Henry I. )
  • Henry the Wrangler ( 984-985 possibly against Otto III. )

Anti-kings of the Holy Roman Empire

  • Rudolf of Rheinfelden (1077-1080 against Henry IV )
  • Hermann of Salm (1081-1088 against Henry IV )
  • Conrad III. (1127-1135 against Lothar III. ), Sole king 1138-1152
  • Otto IV (1198-1208 against Philip of Swabia ), sole king / emperor 1208/09-1212
  • Frederick II (1212-1215 against Otto IV ), sole king / emperor 1215/1220-1246
  • Henry Raspe (1246-1247 against Frederick II )
  • William of Holland (1248-1254 against Frederick II and Conrad IV ), the sole King 1254-1256
  • Alfonso of Castile (1257-1273 against Richard of Cornwall, † 1272 )
  • Albert I of Austria ( 1298 to Adolf of Nassau ), sole king from 1298 to 1308
  • Ludwig IV the Bavarian (1314-1330 against Frederick (III ) the Handsome ), emperor from 1328 to 1346
  • Charles IV ( 1346 against Louis IV of Bavaria ), sole king / emperor 1346-1349 and 1349/1355-1378
  • Günther von Schwarzburg ( 1349 against Charles IV )
  • Jobst of Moravia (1410-1411 against Sigismund )

French antikings

  • Guy of Spoleto ( 888 against Odo of Paris)
  • Robert I. ( 922-923 against Charles III. Unto the simple )
  • Henry VI. (1431 against Charles VII )
  • Charles I. (Rouen ) and Charles X ( 1589-1590 against Henry IV )

English antikings

  • Sven Forkbeard (1013-1014 against Æthelred II )
  • Knut the Great (1016 against Edmund Ironside ), sole king from 1016 to 1035
  • Bloody Mary I the / Catholic (1553 against Jane Grey ), sole Queen 1553-1558
Order of succession Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia Adolf, King of Germany Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Guy III of Spoleto Odo of France Robert I of France Henry VI of England Charles VII of France Charles de Bourbon (cardinal) Henry IV of France
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