Antoine Germain Labarraque

Antoine Germain Labarraque ( born March 28, 1777 Oloron -Sainte -Marie, † December 9, 1850 in Montfort l'Amaury at Galluis ) was a French chemist and pharmacist. He was known by the named after him Labarraquewasser ( Eau de Labarraque ), a bleaching agent and disinfectant.

Life and work

Labarraque came in Oloron -Sainte -Marie at the foot of the Pyrenees, the son of François Labarraque (1733-1802) and Christine Sousbielle (1743-1781) to the world. In 1790 he went for more than two years with a pharmacist named Preville in Orthez in the doctrine (Western Pyrenees army, Armée des Pyrénées Occidentales ) was then 16 years old in 1793 drafted to the grenadiers of la Tour d' Auvergne in the French revolutionary army. He was promoted on the battlefield to sergeant then Chief Pharmacist of the military hospital in the Spanish consultancy. On 12 July 1795 he resigned at age 18 after recovering from a case of typhoid, which he successfully fought with quantities of drugs, military service and went for another two years in the pharmacy FeAu in Montpellier at Jean -Antoine Chaptal in teaching.

Labarraque then moved to Paris, where he worked as a pharmacist in Offizin the widow of Bertrand Pelletier and at the College of Pharmacy at Louis Dominique Guiard (1763-1846), whose father Louis Jacques Guiard (1731-1818), Jean -Pierre René Cheradame (1738-1824), Simon Morelot (1751-1809) and Louis -Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829) studied. On 8 June 1805 he received the degree in Pharmacy Master and the same year he published his work Sur la dissolution du phosphore ( For the Release of phosphorus ) and Sur les électuaires ( About the electuaries ). On January 23, 1808, he married in Paris Isabelle - Adélaïde Vaude ( 1784-1876 ), the couple had two children, Marie -Louise Labarraque (* 1808) and Henri Labarraque ( 1810-1885 ). The following year he opened a pharmacy in the Rue Saint Martin in Paris 65. In 1809 he became a member of the Society of Pharmacy and Medicine ( Sociétés de et de Médecine Phamacie ) due to his lecture Sur les teintures alcooliques et quelques expériences sur la teinture alcoolique de benjoin ( The alcoholic tinctures and some experiments with the alcoholic tincture of benzoin ). In his new sphere of activity Labarraque was a member of several committees to review the presentations of the company submitted. In 1824 he was the putrid smells on the body of the late King Louis XVIII. with one submerged in chlorinated water cloth push back to the embalming he was ordered. In 1825 he was honored by the Academy of Sciences ( Académie des Sciences ) with the Montyonpreis of 3,000 francs ( after the French philanthropist Jean Baptiste Antoine de Auget Montyon ( 1733-1820 ) ), a year later by the Académie de Marseille with a medal awarded his work on the application of chlorides in hygiene and therapy.

Other memberships followed in 1824 Académie nationale de Médecine, 1827 Legion of Honor ( Légion d' Honneur ) and 1836 Council for Public Hygiene and Health of the department of la Seine ( Conseil d' Hygiène publique et de salubrité du département de la Seine). In 1840 Labarraque returned to Oleron and was honored by the city council and pharmacists guild high. Soon after, he sold his pharmacy for health reasons and the license with the use of its products to daughter and son Louis -René Le Canu, which they resold to the House Brother. Antoine Germain Labarraque died at age 73 from the effects of a stroke suffered in 1846 Galluis ( at that time the department of Seine -et- Oise, Yvelines since 1968, near Montfort l'Amaury ) on 9 December 1850., 1945, he was at the Père Lachaise Cemetery transferred to Paris and buried.

Antoine Germain Labarraques research yielded calcium chlorides and hypochlorites and corresponding sodium compounds (sodium hypochlorite), who found versatile applications for routine disinfection and Desodorierungen latrines, sewers, slaughterhouses, anatomy halls and mortuaries in Europe and some overseas countries, further successfully in hospitals, hospitals, prisons and were used in exhumations, embalming and disease control. The application of hypochlorites in human medicine and water purification are the most important results of Labarraques work.

The Labarraquewasser ( Eau de Labarraque )

The high requirements for the processing of animal entrails for the extraction of musical instrument strings, goldbeater and other products, so far in so-called boyauderies (literally Därmereien of French le boyau - the intestine ) under appalling conditions ( stench, dirt, disease and infection ), called for improved methods and working conditions. Around the year 1820, praised the Society for the Promotion of National Industry ( Société d' Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale) a prize for the discovery of a chemical or mechanical method for maceration and rot- free separation of the peritoneal membrane of animal intestines into the intestine factories ( Un procédé chimique mécanique ou pour la enlever membrane muqueuse of intestins traités dans les boyauteries, sans employer la macération et en s'opposant à la putrefaction. Décrire la manière de les préparer BOYAUX par insufflation ). Labarraque experimented with sodium, potassium and calcium solutions oxygen- chlorine salts ( hypochlorites, chlorites, chlorates, perchlorates ) of various compositions and found that a calcium hypochlorite solution better fäulnisbekämpfend acts as the already known Eau de Javel (sodium hypochlorite ), but only a slower replacement of intestinal mucosa causes. But he put an eau de Javel, which was cheaper than potassium salt solutions in procurement. Labarreque could show how chlorine in the prescribed form may be used both for fumigation of the workshops as well as to replace the membranes of each other without releasing unpleasant odors. He pointed it to the great preparatory work of other scientists such as Claude -Louis Berthollet and won the prize of 1,500 francs. His discovery was given in his honor the name Labarraquewasser - Eau de Labarraque.

Works by A. G. Labarraque (selection)

• L'Art du boyauderie (Paris 1822).
• De l' emploi d' oxides of chlorures de sodium et de chaux. (Paris 1825).
• On the disinfecting properties of Labarraque 's preparations of chlorine (translated into English by James Scott, published by S. Highley, London 1828).
• Manière de se servir d' you chlorure oxyde de sodium soit pour les panser plaies de mauvaise nature, soit comme moyen d' assainissement des lieux et de insalubres désinfection of auxiliary materials animales (Paris 1825).
• Note sur une asphyxie produite par les Emanations of materiaux Retires d'une fosse d' aisance; suivant sur ​​les moyens d' Expériences de désinfection propres à Prévenir de pareils accidents (Paris 1825).
• Sur la préparation of chlorures désinfectants (Paris 1826).
• Rapport au conseil de salubrité de Paris sur l' exhumation of cadavres déposés en juillet 1832 dans les caveaux de l' église Saint- Eustache.