Anton Schrötter von Kristelli

Anton Konrad Friedrich Ritter von Schroetter Dismas Kristelli (* November 26, 1802 in Olomouc, † April 15, 1875 in Vienna) was an Austrian chemist and mineralogist.

Life

Anton Schroetter was the son of a pharmacist. His maternal grandfather, the Olomouc Mayor Karl Kristelli, had been knighted for his services during the siege of Olomouc in the Seven Years War of Maria Theresa. After attending high school in Olomouc Schroetter studied from 1822, first on his father's medicine in Vienna desire but then changed under the influence of Friedrich Mohs to the natural sciences, particularly mineralogy. In 1827 he received an assistantship in physics and mathematics at the University of Vienna.

In 1830 he became professor of physics and chemistry at the Technical Institute Joanneum in Graz. During a six-month leave in 1838, he visited Chemical Institute in Göttingen, Heidelberg, Frankfurt and Paris. In Giessen, he became familiar with Justus von Liebig with the organic elemental analysis. From 1843 he worked as a professor of chemical engineering at the Polytechnic Institute of Vienna University, where he became in 1845 professor of general chemistry.

Schroetter was next Baumgartner, Ettingshausen and Haidinger one of the founders of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna and in 1850 its secretary general. The German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina chose Schroetter in 1856 to its member. From 1868, he headed the Austrian State Mint and was simultaneously appointed to the Ministerial. He retired in 1874 and opened a private laboratory where he conducted studies on precious metals in his apartment. In 1875, he died in Vienna.

Schroetter was married twice. Three sons and two daughters are from the first marriage with Maria Eder. His second wife Antonia (1828-1916), the daughter of his patron Andreas Freiherr von Ettingshausen, became involved in the Vienna Women's Club acquisition, the second vice president she was from 1876 to 1882, active for the emancipation of women. In this second marriage Alfred Schroetter was born of Kristelli, who was a famous Austrian painter and art educator. Schrotter son Leopold Schrötter of Kristelli was an eminent physician and social medicine. His son Hermann von Schroetter was a pioneer of aviation medicine.

Work

Schroetter has written about 60 scientific publications in his life. In the field of mineralogy, he examined, among others, asphalt, amber, Idrialin, ozokerite and Dopplerit. He found a simple method to determine the carbon dioxide content of mineral water at source. As a chemist, he worked on the reactions of metals with ammonia at higher temperatures. He further examined the reactivity of potassium in liquid nitrous oxide, phosphorus and antimony in liquid chlorine, and iron with respect to oxygen at very low temperature.

From 1845, Schroetter worked intensively with phosphorus. In 1848 he was able to prove the conjecture expressed already by Berzelius, that red phosphorus but is not a phosphorus compound an allotropic modification of white phosphorus. Schroetter converted to white phosphorus by heating in red, who was called temporarily Schroetter 's phosphorus. His method for the same representation revolutionized the match industry, where red phosphorus was soon used as a component of the friction surfaces.

He was an organizer in industry and science as well as consultants in preparing for the Novara expedition and the Austria -Hungarian North Pole Expedition.

Honors

Anton Schroetter received in October 1905, a memorial grave at Vienna's Central Cemetery (Group 14 A, number 36)., Which is decorated with a portrait medallion of Alexander Mailler.

1903 a body set up by Alfonso Canciani portrait bust was erected in front of the main building of the Vienna University of Technology.

At Schroetter of Kristelli the Schroetter horn in the Ortler group and the Schroetter yoke and Cape Schroetter remember to Hohenlohe Island (Franz Josef Land ). In Vienna since 1876 in favorites and in Graz in the 3rd district of Geidorf, after a council decision of 3 March 1949 one Schröttergasse, named after him.

Awards

• Knight's Cross of the French Legion of Honour
• Monthyon Prix 1856
• Knight and Knight Commander of the Order of Franz Joseph
• Order of the Iron Crown III. class
• Honorary Doctor of the University of Halle -Wittenberg

Writings (selection )

• The chemistry according to their current condition, 2 volumes ( 1847-1849 )
• Description of a method for factory-like representation of the amorphous phosphorus (1848 )