Antoni GaudÃ
Antoni Gaudí i Cornet [ əntoni gəu̯ði i kuɾnɛt ] ( born June 25, 1852 in Reus, possibly in Riudoms, † June 10, 1926 in Barcelona) was a Spanish architect and outstanding representative of the Catalan Modernista movement.
Biography
Childhood and youth
On June 25th, 1852, Antoni Gaudí may either born in a village called Riudoms few kilometers away, where his parents lived, the son of a coppersmith in Reus or. Both his father, his grandfather and his great-grandfather were boilermakers. In his father's shop he became familiar early with geometric shapes. His childhood was marked by a rheumatic disease. Since he could not play with other children through this disability, but instead observed nature, can it explain his subsequent natural styled architecture style.
Study time
In his school days in the school of Piaristenpatres in Reus and in the School of Architecture in Barcelona, where he studied from 1873 to 1878, he was not known for particularly good results, but raised to be an excellent and creative artist from the other students from. As Gaudí on 15 March of the year 1878 was awarded the degree at the School of Architecture, Director of the Institute Elies Rogent doubted:
" Qui sap si hem donat el diploma a un boig oa un geni: el temps ens ho dira. "
" Who knows if we have given the title of a madman or a genius - only time will tell. "
From the beginning of his studies, he worked for various architectural firms, among others, Francesc de Paula del Villar, Josep Fontserè and Joan Martorell.
The time of the great works
His first great work was the planning of a factory worker and a settlement for the " Sociedad Cooperativa La Obrera Mataronense " ( 1878-1882 ). However, the construction failed at an early stage. Furthermore, Eusebi Güell in 1878, Gaudí got to know later great works like the Güell pavilions, the Palau Güell, the Park Güell and the crypt of the Colonia Güell were realized with its financing.
Antoni Gaudí created before his first job for Güell, Casa Vicens already and El Capricho. In March 1883 he took over the management on the construction of the Sagrada Família, which he completely devoted himself from 1914 to 1926. In addition to the Palau Güell from 1886 to 1889, he headed yet from 1889 to 1894 the construction of the Teresian - pin in Barcelona and 1887-1893 of the Bishop 's Palace in Astorga. 1892 finally began construction of the Sagrada Família. In 1898 the first drafts of the Church of the Colonia Guell, and the same year he built the Casa Calvet for the textile manufacturer Don Pedro M. Calvet. Two years later he received the annual award for the best building of the city by the city council of Barcelona for this building. In 1900 he was planning yet the first glorious mystery of the rosary at the monumental Montserrat monastery, but he gave the order because of disagreements on early and then planned the Park Güell. From 1906 he lived until the end of 1925 in a house in Park Guell, Casa- Museu Gaudí as the remembered him since 1963.
Gaudí's last major works were known to the aforementioned Park Guell, the crypt of the Colonia Guell, the conversion of the Casa Batlló and the Casa Milà, also known as " La Pedrera ". Gaudí died in 1906 father Francesc Gaudí i Serra at the age of 73 years. The architect never married, but decided after the failure of marriage intentions with a woman with whom he had fallen in love, for an ascetic life as a celibate layman.
On June 7, 1926 Gaudí was captured on the way from the daily morning visit to the Oratory of St. Philip Neri to the site of the Sagrada Família by a tram. Because of his unkempt appearance he was first taken to the hospital for the poor Hospital de la Santa Creu. There were his friend and closest collaborator Doménec Sugrañes and the beadle of the Sagrada Família three days later. They let him be escorted to a private room, where he died the same day, June 10, 1926. The whole city was in deep mourning. Thousands gave him their last respects. The government ordered his burial in the crypt of the unfinished church La Sagrada Família, for which the Pope gave his consent. Antoni Gaudí was laid to rest there, where he had worked for most of his life.
In 2000, a beatification process for him was initiated by the Roman Catholic Church. The beatification process for Gaudi was on the right track, said the postulator of the process, the Argentine lawyer Silvia Correale, opposite which appears in Buenos Aires newspaper La Nación. The Holy See had received from around the world reports of graces that were attributable to the intercession of Gaudí died in 1926. A particularly exemplary led life is a prerequisite for beatification.
Architectural style
Gaudi was known for his unconventional style of round, organic -looking shapes. He built his constructions in the formal language of Modernism, the Catalan brand of Art Nouveau. The typical features were curved lines, irregular floor plans, slanted brick pillars, natural soft shapes with motifs of flora and fauna. Other preferences were breaking stones and colorful ceramic tiles, which he had used as a design element in his buildings. Gaudí refused the Gothic flying buttresses contemptuously as " crutches " from and instead used oblique Baupfeiler. He developed his building during construction by means of sketches and models. Because Gaudi felt a building as a work of art, he also designed the smallest details within the building itself, his designs resulted in the forging and mosaic art, carpentry and glass art to new heights. His style elements impress with simple, yet substantial, often organic forms.
Gaudí's style has influenced, among other things, the Austrian painter Friedensreich Hundertwasser.
Design principle and static
Gaudí used for the construction of load-bearing structures frequently the principle of the suspension models. This principle he was able to realize even complex shapes without complicated calculations with a minimal use of material, since only pressure forces occur in the vaults. This design is also called the Catalan vault. The sheets used by Gaudí are based on the principle of a topsy-turvy catenary ( catenoid ), which are designed for the tower structures as Rotationskatenoid and an elliptical or saddle-shaped arches resemble a hyperbolic paraboloid.
Famous Buildings
A more familiar building by Antoni Gaudí is his first building, the Casa Vicens ( 1883-1885 ). Here you can see Gaudí's penchant for breaking stones and ceramic tiles well.
Another well-known work is the Casa Batlló (1904-1906), in which shows the attention to detail of Gaudi. Furthermore, you can see well to the curved roof and wall constructions that he took inspiration from nature.
Also known is the Casa Milà, the successor to the Casa Batlló. Although the Casa Batlló was a culmination of his work, he wanted to have more freedom. The natural forms you can very well see from the curved roof and wall constructions again.
His life's work was the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, which on 7 November 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI. was consecrated and raised to the papal basilica minor. He worked on it almost since the beginning of his work as an architect. Today, the Church, although still unfinished, the most famous of the landmarks of Barcelona.
Most important work
- Sagrada Familia in Barcelona ( 1882 -; Gaudí: 1883-1926 )
- Casa Vicens in Barcelona (1883-1888)
- Güell Pavilions in Barcelona (1884-1887)
- Palau Guell in Barcelona (1886-1890)
- Bishop's Palace in Astorga (1889-1893)
- Casa de los Botines in León (1891-1893)
- Casa Calvet in Barcelona (1898-1900)
- Park Guell in Barcelona (1900-1914)
- Casa Batlló in Barcelona (1904-1906)
- Casa Milà (La Pedrera ) in Barcelona ( 1906-1910 )
- Colonia Guell crypt in Santa Coloma de Cervello (1908-1916)
Other works
- Cooperativa Obrera Mataronense, factory building (1878 )
- Participation in the Parc de la Ciutadella (1871-1889)
- Street lamps on the Plaça Reial (1888 )
- Collegi de les Teresianes, School teresianos (1888-1889)
- Celler Güell, winery in the comarca of Garraf (1895-1897)
- Belle Guard, villa at the foot of the Serra de Collserola (1900-1909)
- Finca Miralles (1901-1902)
- Interior renovation of the Cathedral La Seu in Palma de Mallorca (1903-1914)
- La Pobla de Lillet, park (1905 )
Works on Gaudí
- Gaudí ( musical), a musical by Eric Woolfson (1993 )