Anuncio de SeÃ±ales y Frenado AutomÃ¡tico

ASFA ( Anuncio de Señales y Frenado Automático, German: display of signals and automatic braking ) is a Spanish train control system with point-like transmission and brake monitoring.

History

The ASFA system was developed in the early 70s after tender of the Spanish railway company RENFE of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company ( WABCO ). As of May 1972, the system was tested on the track Guadalajara Azuqueca de Henares. On June 23, 1975, the first public presentation of the system followed along with the inauguration of the electrification of the line from Madrid to Guadalajara. But the system only in 1978 went on the Madrid - Guadalajara over the normal control operation and development was taken by RENFE.

Function

The ASFA system consists of beacons on the track and to the associated vehicle equipment. The beacons are containers containing a resonant circuit (consisting of an inductor and a variable capacitor ). They are mounted in the track right in the direction of the center in addition to the signals. There are both passive switchable beacons. Passive balises always emit the same resonance frequency, while the capacitance of the capacitor is changed in response to the indication of a corresponding rail in the switchable signal beacons. In this way the resonant frequency of the beacon is changed, and thus transmit other information.

The vehicle equipment includes a field magnet that emits a fixed induction frequency of 111 103 Hz ( frecuencia permanent ) and a Balisenlesegerät. When passing the balise this induction frequency stimulates the resonant circuit of the balise to natural oscillations. The thus emitted by the beacon is detected by the resonance frequency Balisenlesegerät.

The system has eight resonance frequencies in the frequency band between 50 kHz and 120 kHz, the various information such as warning, speed monitoring and emergency brake are assigned. The vehicle train equipment registered with a made influencing the voltage drop in the affected coil and causes depending on the active resonant circuits in the corresponding beacon signaling to the driver or triggers an emergency brake application.

The speed monitoring is performed on a static point- set maximum speed. Firstly, a speed of 60 km / h, 50 km / h or 35 km / h monitors (depending on type of train ) 300 m upstream of the signal and on the other, a speed limit of 180 km / h or 160 km / h after the crossing of a signal with the appropriate signal word be established.

ASFA versions

ASFA conventional ( suitable for up to 160 km / h)
ASFA FAC ( FAC version )
ASFA 200 ( suitable for up to 200 km / h)
ASFA 200 AVE ( AVE version with larger block sections )
ASFA digital

ASFA digital

In the year 2005 we started digitally with the development of ASFA by ADIF. However, the term refers only to the digital computer-based vehicle unit, during the information transfer between the beacons and the vehicle equipment still takes place by magnetic induction, and no digital data is exchanged. However, the frequency table will be redefined and extended in comparison to the old ASFA to enable additional functions, and also the vehicle device is adapted to the state of the art to expanded functions and equipped with a screen in the cab.

ASFA will regard ETCS out as a class B system.

Swell

ETCS (European Train Control System )

Command
Abbreviation

Pictures of Anuncio de SeÃ±ales y Frenado AutomÃ¡tico

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