Apocynaceae

Greater Periwinkle (Vinca major)

The dogbane family ( Apocynaceae ) are a family of plants, which belongs to the order of the gentian -like ( Gentianales ).

Description

Since the new scope of the family was required by molecular biological methods, there are not many common morphological features that apply to all subfamilies.

In the family includes some trees ( Tabernaemontana, Dyera ), shrubs and herbaceous plants, but especially lianas and succulents. Many species contain a (mostly clear ) milk juice. The majority of the species is evergreen.

The most against permanent leaves are undivided and entire, usually. On the leaves or flowers multicellular glands ( Colleter ) are often present. Stipules are small or absent.

The flowers are usually fünfzählig. The two upper most permanent carpels are rarely grow into an ovary. Some species have a highly specialized pollination mechanism.

It follicles are usually formed. The seeds often have a tuft of hair.

Systematics and distribution

The first publication of this family took place in 1789 under the name " Apocineae " by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Genera Plantarum, pp. 143-144. Type genus is Apocynum L. Synonyms for Apocynaceae Juss. are Asclepiadaceae Borkh. , Carissaceae Bertolini, Cerberaceae Martynov, Ophioxylaceae Perleb. , Pacouriaceae Martynov, Periplocaceae Schltr. , Plumeriaceae Horan. , Stapeliaceae Horan. , Vincaceae Vest, Willughbeiaceae J.Agardh.

The range of the Apocynaceae family includes the temperate, subtropical and tropical areas almost worldwide. There you will find also the greatest biodiversity. In Europe, only a few genera and species are native in Central Europe only two types of periwinkle (Vinca ) and milkweed ( Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ).

The Hundsgiftgewächse family ( Apocynaceae ) is divided into five subfamilies, with about 380 genera:

• Subfamily Apocynoideae Burnett

• Subfamily Asclepiadoideae R.Br. ex Burnett

• Subfamily Rauvolfioideae Kostel.

• Subfamily Periplocoideae R.Br. ex Endl. contains approximately 33 genera: Atherandra Decne. , The only two species are common in Southeast Asia and the western Malaysia's.
• Baroniella Costantin & Gallaud: The eight species are found only in Madagascar.
• Baseonema Schltr. & Rendle: it contains only one type: Baseonema gregorii Schltr. & Rendle: It thrives in tropical savannas in East Africa.

• Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. ex Schult. thrives in the lowlands in India and Malaysia.

• Ischnolepis graminifolia ( Costantin & Gallaud ) clack. It occurs only in Madagascar.

• Maclaudia felixii Venter & RLVerh. Thrives in dry forests at an altitude of about 1000 meters just in Guinea.

• Myriopteron extensum ( Wight & Arn. ) K.Schum. ( Syn: Myriopteron paniculatum ). Handle: It grows in thickets and open forests at altitudes 600-1600 m in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China and Indonesia.

• Petopentia natalensis ( Schltr. ) Bullock: It occurs only in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu -Natal.

• Sarcorhiza epiphytica Bullock: The occurs in the Congo and in Tanzania.

• Zygostelma benthamii Baill. It occurs in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand.

• Subfamily Secamonoideae Endl. Contains approximately eight genera and nearly all species are widespread in the Paläotropis. The center of the biodiversity of Madagascar. There are mainly lianas, rarely shrubs: Tribus Secamoneae G.Don. : Calyptranthera clack. The ten species occur in Madagascar and on the Mascarene Islands.
• Genianthus Hook. f: The approximately 16 species are common in Asia.
• Goniostemma Wight: Of the two species, the one taking place in China and the other in India.
• Pervillaea Decne. ( Syn: Menabea Baill. ): The approximately four species are found only in Madagascar.
• Secamone R.Br. ( Including Rhynchostigma Benth. ): The 90 to 100 species are widespread in Madagascar and on the Mascarene Islands, Africa, Asia and Australia.
• Secamonopsis Jum. , The only two species occur in Madagascar and on the Mascarene Islands.
• Wight & Arn Toxocarpus. More than 50 species are common in Asia.
• Trichosandra Decne. They occur in Madagascar and on the Mascarene Islands.

Swell

• The Apocynaceae in APWebsite family. (Sections Description and systematics)
• Sigrid songs Schumann & Ulrich Meve: The Genera of Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae and Periplocoideae ( Apocynaceae ), 2006 ( section systematics).